List of sovereign states in the 1850s

A

 * Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan (from 1855)
 * 🇦🇩 Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
 * Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
 * Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
 * Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
 * Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
 * Annam – Empire of Annam
 * Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
 * Argentine Confederation – Argentine Confederation (from 1853)
 * Aro – Aro Confederacy
 * undefined – Asante Union
 * Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
 * undefined – Austrian Empire

B

 * Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
 * Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
 * Bamana – Bambara Empire
 * Baol – Kingdom of Baol
 * Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland
 * Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
 * Baté Empire – Baté Empire
 * undefined – Kingdom of Bavaria
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
 * undefined – Benin Empire
 * Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
 * Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
 * → 🇧🇴 Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
 * Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
 * Bornu – Bornu Empire
 * undefined – Empire of Brazil
 * undefined – Free City of Bremen
 * British India - Indian Empire
 * Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
 * Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
 * Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
 * Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
 * Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
 * Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
 * Burma – Kingdom of Burma
 * Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C
Cook Islands Rarotonga
 * Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
 * Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
 * Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8, 1859)
 * 🇨🇱 Chile – Republic of Chile
 * China – Great Qing Empire
 * 🇨🇷 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
 * Couto Misto
 * Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)

D

 * Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
 * Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
 * Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
 * Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic

E

 * 🇪🇨 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
 * El Salvador – El Salvador
 * undefined – Ethiopian Empire

F

 * Fiji – Tui Viti
 * Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
 * 🇫🇷 France
 * French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
 * French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
 * Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
 * Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
 * Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

 * Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
 * Garo – Kingdom of Garo
 * Gaza – Gaza Empire
 * Gera – Kingdom of Gera
 * Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
 * Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858)
 * Greece – Kingdom of Greece
 * → →  Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
 * Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
 * Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman

H

 * Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
 * → Haiti
 * Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
 * Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
 * Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
 * undefined – Kingdom of Hanover
 * Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
 * Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
 * Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
 * Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
 * Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)
 * Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
 * Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
 * 🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
 * Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
 * Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
 * Huraa – Huraa dynasty
 * Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)

J

 * Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
 * Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
 * Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
 * Johor – Johor Sultanate
 * – Jolof Kingdom

K

 * Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
 * Kabul – Emirate of Kabul (to 1855)
 * Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
 * Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
 * Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut
 * Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
 * Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
 * Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
 * Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
 * Kong – Kong Empire
 * Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
 * → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
 * Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

 * 🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * 🇱🇮 → 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
 * Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
 * Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
 * Loango – Kingdom of Loango
 * Lombardy–Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
 * Luba – Luba Empire
 * Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
 * Lunda – Lunda Empire
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

 * Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
 * Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva
 * Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
 * Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)
 * Massina – Massina Empire
 * Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
 * Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 * Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico – Republic of Mexico
 * Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
 * Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
 * Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * → Montenegro
 * Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
 * Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
 * Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)

N
Norway Sweden and Norway
 * Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
 * Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
 * Nejd – Emirate of Nejd
 * Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
 * → →  Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * Nri – Kingdom of Nri

O

 * Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
 * Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854)
 * Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
 * Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
 * Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

 * Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
 * Papal States – States of the Church
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * undefined – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
 * Perak – Sultanate of Perak
 * Persia – Sublime State of Persia
 * 🇵🇪 Peru – Peruvian Republic
 * Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
 * Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

Q

 * Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut

R

 * Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
 * Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
 * Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
 * Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
 * Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
 * → undefined – Russian Empire
 * Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
 * Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S
South African Republic Transvaal Sweden Sweden and Norway
 * Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
 * San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
 * undefined – Kingdom of Sarawak
 * undefined – Kingdom of Sardinia
 * Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
 * Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 * Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
 * Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
 * undefined – Kingdom of Saxony
 * Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
 * Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
 * Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
 * Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
 * Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
 * Serbia – Principality of Serbia
 * 🇹🇭 Siam – Kingdom of Siam
 * Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
 * Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
 * 🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
 * undefined – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

 * Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
 * Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
 * Toro – Toro Kingdom
 * Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
 * undefined – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856)
 * Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
 * Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

U

 * undefined – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
 * 🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

 * 🇻🇪 → → 🇻🇪 Venezuela
 * State of Venezuela (to 1856)
 * Republic of Venezuela (from 1856)

W

 * Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
 * Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
 * Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

 * Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)

Z

 * Zululand – Kingdom of Zululand

Oldenburg

 * Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.

United Kingdom

 * Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

 * Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
 * Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
 * Goust – Republic of Goust
 * State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)
 * Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
 * Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara