List of sovereign states in the 1860s

A

 * Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
 * 🇦🇩 → Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt (from 1863 to July 1, 1867)
 * Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)
 * Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (to 1863)
 * Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
 * Annam – Empire of Annam
 * Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
 * Argentine Confederation (to December 12, 1861)
 * Argentine Republic (from December 12, 1861)
 * Aro – Aro Confederacy
 * undefined – Asante Union
 * → Austria / Austria-Hungary
 * Austrian Empire (to May 29, 1867)
 * Austro-Hungarian Empire (from May 29, 1867)
 * Austro-Hungarian Empire (from May 29, 1867)

B

 * Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
 * Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
 * Bambara – Bambara Empire
 * Baol – Kingdom of Baol
 * Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland (to 1868)
 * undefined – Kingdom of Bavaria
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
 * undefined – Benin Empire
 * Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
 * 🇧🇴 Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
 * Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
 * Bornu – Bornu Empire
 * undefined – Empire of Brazil
 * undefined – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (to July 1, 1867)
 * Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
 * Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick (to July 1, 1867)
 * Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
 * Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
 * Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
 * Burma – Kingdom of Burma
 * Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

 * Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia (to 1863)
 * → Canada – Dominion of Canada (from July 1, 1867)
 * Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
 * Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (to March 22, 1860)
 * 🇨🇱 Chile
 * Republic of Chile (to 18 September 1861)
 * Republic of Chile (from 18 September 1861)
 * Qing dynasty – Great Qing
 * Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20, 1861)
 * Confederate States of America Confederate States
 * Cook Islands Rarotonga
 * 🇨🇷 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
 * Couto Misto (to June 23, 1868)

D

 * Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
 * Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark
 * Danish Unitary State (to 1864)
 * Kingdom of Denmark (from 1864)
 * → 🇩🇴 – Dominican Republic (from August 16, 1865)

E

 * 🇪🇨 → 🇪🇨 Ecuador
 * Republic of Ecuador (to 24 September 1860)
 * Republic of Ecuador (from 24 September 1860)
 * → →  El Salvador – El Salvador
 * undefined – Ethiopian Empire

F

 * Fante – Fante Confederacy (from 1868)
 * Fiji – Tui Viti
 * 🇫🇷 France – Empire of the French
 * Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt (to October 8, 1866)
 * Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
 * Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

 * Garo – Kingdom of Garo
 * Gera – Kingdom of Gera
 * Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
 * Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18, 1861)
 * Greece – Kingdom of Greece
 * Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
 * Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

H

 * Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
 * 🇭🇹 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
 * Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg (to 1867)
 * undefined – Kingdom of Hanover (to September 20, 1866)
 * undefined – Kingdom of Hawaii
 * Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
 * Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (to 1866)
 * Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse (to 1866)
 * Holstein – Duchy of Holstein (to 1866)
 * 🇭🇳 → 🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
 * Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

 * Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
 * Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17, 1861)

J

 * Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
 * Japan
 * Tokugawa shogunate (to January 3, 1868)
 * Empire of Japan (from January 3, 1868)
 * Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
 * Johor – Sultanate of Johor
 * – Jolof Kingdom

K

 * Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu (to 1867)
 * Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
 * Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
 * Kashgaria – Kingdom of Kashgaria (from 1862)
 * Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
 * Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
 * Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
 * Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
 * Kong – Kong Empire
 * Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
 * Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
 * Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

 * 🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * Limburg – Duchy of Limburg (to 1866)
 * Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
 * Lippe – Principality of Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
 * Loango – Kingdom of Loango
 * Luba – Luba Empire
 * Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) (to 1867)
 * Lunda – Lunda Empire
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

 * Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
 * Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
 * Massina – Massina Empire (to 1868)
 * Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
 * Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (to July 1, 1867)
 * Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (to July 1, 1867)
 * 🇲🇽 → 🇲🇽 → 🇲🇽 Mexico
 * Republic of Mexico (to April 10, 1864)
 * Mexican Empire (from April 10, 1864 to May 15, 1867)
 * United Mexican States (from May 1867)
 * Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
 * Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

N

 * Nassau – Duchy of Nassau (to 1866)
 * Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
 * Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
 * New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20, 1861)
 * Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * North German Confederation – North German Confederation (from July 1, 1867)

O

 * Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (to July 1, 1867)
 * Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State
 * Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
 * Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
 * Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

 * Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
 * Papal States – States of the Church
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * Perak – Sultanate of Perak
 * Persia – Persian Empire
 * 🇵🇪 Peru – Peruvian Republic
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
 * Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia (to July 1, 1867)

R

 * Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
 * Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
 * Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
 * Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line (to July 1, 1867)
 * Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line (to July 1, 1867)
 * Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
 * undefined – Russian Empire
 * Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
 * undefined – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

 * Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
 * → 🇸🇲 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
 * undefined – Kingdom of Sarawak
 * undefined – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17, 1861)
 * Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg (to July 1, 1867)
 * Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (to July 1, 1867)
 * Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
 * Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
 * Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (to July 1, 1867)
 * Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony (to July 1, 1867)
 * Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
 * Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig (to 1866)
 * Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (to July 1, 1867)
 * Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (to July 1, 1867)
 * Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
 * Serbia – Principality of Serbia
 * 🇹🇭 Siam – Kingdom of Siam
 * Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
 * Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
 * 🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
 * undefined – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

 * Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
 * Tonga
 * Tu'i Tonga (to 1865)
 * Kingdom of Tonga (from 1865)
 * Toro – Toro Kingdom
 * Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
 * undefined – South African Republic
 * → Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12, 1861)

U

 * undefined – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * 🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

 * 🇻🇪 → 🇻🇪 Venezuela
 * Republic of Venezuela (to 1864)
 * United States of Venezuela (from 1864)

W

 * Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (to July 1, 1867)
 * Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
 * Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

 * Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z

 * Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6, 1861)
 * Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus

United Kingdom

 * Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

 * Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
 * Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)
 * Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860)
 * Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
 * 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
 * → →  →  →  →  undefined – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
 * Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)
 * Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
 * Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)
 * Goust – Republic of Goust
 * Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)
 * Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
 * – Republic of Manitobah (from June 1867 to 1868)
 * undefined – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
 * North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
 * Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (from January 22, 1863 to June 18, 1864)
 * → South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)
 * Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
 * Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
 * Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
 * Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
 * Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)