List of sovereign states in the 1900s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1900s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1900 and 31 December 1909. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 118 widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Sovereign states
{| border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; font-size: 95%; border-collapse: collapse; border'': 0px solid #AAAAAA;" !width=60%|Name and capital city !width=70%|Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
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A

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Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. Annexed by the Netherlands in 1903.
 * valign=top| Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh (to 1903)
 * valign=top| Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh (to 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De facto independent state. Annexed by Bolivia from 15 March to November 1900, from 24 December 1900 to 27 January 1903, and from 11 November 1903.
 * valign=top| → Acre – Republic of Acre (to March 1900, from November to 24 December 1900, from 27 January to 11 November 1903.) Capital: Cidade do Acre (to 24 December 1900), Antimary (from 27 January 1903).
 * valign=top| → Acre – Republic of Acre (to March 1900, from November to 24 December 1900, from 27 January to 11 November 1903.) Capital: Cidade do Acre (to 24 December 1900), Antimary (from 27 January 1903).
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1900.
 * valign=top|Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. the President of France and Bishop of Urgell are ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra.
 * valign=top| Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * valign=top| Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
 * valign=top|Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 25 October 1901.
 * valign=top| Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole (to 25 October 1901)
 * valign=top| Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole (to 25 October 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city.
 * valign=top|🇦🇷 Argentina – Argentine Republic
 * valign=top|🇦🇷 Argentina – Argentine Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in January 1902.
 * valign=top| Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902)
 * valign=top| Aro – Aro Confederacy (to January 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Anexed by the United Kingdom on 1 January 1902.
 * valign=top| Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to 1 January 1902)
 * valign=top| Ashanti – Ashanti Empire (to 1 January 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
 * valign=top| Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state from 1 January 1901. Australia is a federation of six states and three territories, and is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia has 1 External Territory:
 * valign=top| → →  Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from 1 January 1901) Capital: Melbourne (de facto seat of government)
 * valign=top| → →  Australia – Commonwealth of Australia (from 1 January 1901) Capital: Melbourne (de facto seat of government)
 * undefined (External territory, from 18 March 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Austria-Hungary has 1 concession and 1 condominium:
 * valign=top| Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)
 * valign=top| Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina (Condominium, from October 7, 1908)
 * Tientsin (Concession, from December 27, 1902)
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B

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Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Netherlands on 18 April 1908.
 * valign=top| Bali – Kingdom of Bali (to 18 April 1908)
 * valign=top| Bali – Kingdom of Bali (to 18 April 1908)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Belgium has 1 colony and 1 concession:
 * valign=top| Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
 * valign=top| Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
 * Belgian Congo (Colony, from 15 November 1908)
 * 🇧🇪 Tientsin (Concession, from 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Bhutan
 * Bhutan (to 17 December 1907)
 * Kingdom of Bhutan (from 17 December 1907)
 * Kingdom of Bhutan (from 17 December 1907)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900.
 * valign=top|Biu – Biu Kingdom (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Biu – Biu Kingdom (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇴 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)
 * valign=top|🇧🇴 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by France on 18 October 1904.
 * valign=top|Brakna – Brakna Emirate (to October 18, 1904)
 * valign=top|Brakna – Brakna Emirate (to October 18, 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.
 * valign=top|🇧🇷 Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
 * valign=top|🇧🇷 Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De facto independent state until October 5, 1908. Widely recognized state from October 5, 1908.
 * valign=top| Bulgaria
 * Principality of Bulgaria (de facto independent state, to October 5, 1908)
 * Kingdom of Bulgaria (from 5 October 1908)
 * Kingdom of Bulgaria (from 5 October 1908)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Abandoned in 1906.
 * valign="top" | Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga (to 1906)
 * valign="top" | Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga (to 1906)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |


 * colspan=3|
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C

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Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
 * valign=top|🇨🇦 Canada – Dominion of Canada
 * valign=top|🇨🇦 Canada – Dominion of Canada
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Vassal of Siam until 1904. Annexed by France on November 22, 1904.
 * valign=top| Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904)
 * valign=top| Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (to November 22, 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇱 Chile – Republic of Chile
 * valign=top|🇨🇱 Chile – Republic of Chile
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| undefined – Great Qing Empire
 * valign=top| undefined – Great Qing Empire
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Widely recognized state. Annexed by Portugal in 1908.
 * valign=top|Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom (to 1908) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇴 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
 * valign=top|🇨🇴 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. Annexed by Belgium on November 15, 1908.
 * valign=top| Congo Free State – Congo Free State (to November 15, 1908)
 * valign=top| Congo Free State – Congo Free State (to November 15, 1908)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇷 → 🇨🇷 Costa Rica – First Costa Rican Republic
 * valign=top|🇨🇷 → 🇨🇷 Costa Rica – First Costa Rican Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state from May 20, 1902. Annexed by the United States of America from September 28, 1906 to February 6, 1909.
 * valign=top| undefined – Republic of Cuba (from May 20, 1902 to September 28, 1906 and from February 6, 1909)
 * valign=top| undefined – Republic of Cuba (from May 20, 1902 to September 28, 1906 and from February 6, 1909)
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 * colspan=3|
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D

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Widely recognized state.
 * style="vertical-align:top"|Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
 * style="vertical-align:top"|Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur
 * valign=top| Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1901.
 * valign=top|Dendi – Dendi Kingdom (to 1901)
 * valign=top|Dendi – Dendi Kingdom (to 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Denmark has 1 colony and 1 dependency and 1 territory:
 * valign=top|🇩🇰 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
 * valign=top|🇩🇰 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
 * 🇩🇰 Danish West Indies (Colony)
 * Faroe Islands (Territory)
 * 🇩🇰 Greenland (Territory)
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland (Dependency)
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1904.
 * valign=top| Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904)
 * valign=top| Dhala – Emirate of Dhala (to 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic
 * valign=top| Dominican Republic – Second Dominican Republic
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 * colspan=3|
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E

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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| →  Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
 * valign=top| →  Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
 * valign=top| El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
 * valign=top| Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire


 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
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F

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Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:
 * valign=top| undefined – French Republic
 * valign=top| undefined – French Republic
 * 🇫🇷 French Algeria (de jure Department of Metropolitan France, de facto Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 French Chad (Colony from September 5, 1900, merged with Ubangi-Shari on February 11, 1906)
 * 🇫🇷 French Comoros (Protectorate)
 * 🇫🇷 French Congo (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 French Guiana (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 French India (Colony)
 * French Indochina (Federation of colonies)
 * 🇫🇷 French Ivory Coast (Colony to 1904)
 * 🇫🇷 French Madagascar (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 French Oceania (Protectorate)
 * 🇫🇷 French Somaliland (Colony)
 * French Tunisia (Protectorate)
 * 🇫🇷 French West Africa (Federation of colonies)
 * Futa Jallon (Protectorate)
 * 🇫🇷 Guadeloupe (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Guangzhouwan (Leased territory to January 5, 1900)
 * 🇫🇷 Hankou (Concession)
 * 🇫🇷 Martinique (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Mauritania (Protectorate from 1903 to 1904)
 * 🇳🇨 New Caledonia (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Réunion (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint Barthélemy (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint Martin (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Colony)
 * 🇫🇷 Shanghai (Concession)
 * 🇫🇷 Tientsin (Concession)
 * 🇫🇷 Ubangi-Shari (Colony from December 29, 1903)
 * Wallis and Futuna (Protectorate)
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G

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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by Italy on September 3, 1908.
 * valign=top|Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3, 1908)
 * valign=top|Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi (to September 3, 1908)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
 * valign=top| undefined – German Realm
 * valign=top| undefined – German Realm
 * German East Africa (Colony)
 * German Kiautschou (Concession)
 * German New Guinea (Protectorate)
 * German Samoa (Protectorate from March 1, 1900)
 * German South-West Africa (Colony)
 * Hankou (Concession)
 * Kamerun (Colony)
 * Tientsin (Concession)
 * Togoland (Protectorate)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Greece – Kingdom of Greece
 * valign=top| Greece – Kingdom of Greece
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇹 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
 * valign=top|🇬🇹 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
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Widely recognized state. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1902.
 * valign=top|Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma (to 1902) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma (to 1902) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

H

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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
 * valign=top| Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Haiti – Republic of Haiti
 * valign=top| Haiti – Republic of Haiti
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
 * valign=top|🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
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I

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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Igala – Igala Kingdom (to 1901)
 * valign=top|Igala – Igala Kingdom (to 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
 * valign=top|Igara – Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Igara – Kingdom of Igara (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Italy had two colonies and one concession:
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Italy
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Italy
 * Amoy (Concession from 1902)
 * Italian Eritrea (Colony)
 * Italian Somaliland (Colony)
 * Shanghai (Concession from 1902)
 * Tientsin (Concession, from June 7, 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

J

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following protectorates, dependencies and concessions:
 * valign=top| undefined – Empire of Japan
 * valign=top| undefined – Empire of Japan
 * Chongqing (Concession)
 * Hangzhou (Concession)
 * Hankou (Concession)
 * Korea (Protectorate from November 17, 1905)
 * Karafuto (Dependency, from September 5, 1905)
 * Kwantung (Concession)
 * Shashi (Concession)
 * Suzhou (Concession)
 * Taiwan (Dependency)
 * Tientsin (Concession)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Johor – Johor Sultanate Capital: Johor Bahru
 * valign=top| Johor – Johor Sultanate Capital: Johor Bahru
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

K

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
 * valign=top|Kajara – Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Kajara – Kajara Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Vassal of the Sokoto Caliphate. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 3, 1903.
 * valign=top| Kano – Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903)
 * valign=top| Kano – Kano Emirate (to February 3, 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1902.
 * valign=top|Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902)
 * valign=top|Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate (to 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. to November 17, 1905. Became a Japanese protectorate on November 17, 1905.
 * valign=top| undefined – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905)
 * valign=top| undefined – Greater Korean Empire (to November 17, 1905)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

L

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state to. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1900.
 * valign=top|Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * valign=top|🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * valign=top|🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
 * valign=top|🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

M

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇽 Mexico – United Mexican States
 * valign=top|🇲🇽 Mexico – United Mexican States
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * valign=top|🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| → Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
 * valign=top| → Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇦 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
 * valign=top|🇲🇦 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.
 * valign=top| Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
 * valign=top| Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr (to 1908) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

N

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. The Netherlands had sovereignty over three colonies:
 * valign=top|🇳🇱 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * valign=top|🇳🇱 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * 🇳🇱 Curaçao and Dependencies
 * 🇳🇱 Dutch East Indies
 * 🇳🇱 Surinam
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.
 * valign=top| Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26, 1907)
 * valign=top| Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland (from September 26, 1907)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:
 * valign=top|🇳🇿 New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26, 1907)
 * valign=top|🇳🇿 New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand (from September 26, 1907)
 * 🇳🇿 Cook Islands (Dependent territory)
 * 🇳🇿 Niue Island (Dependent territory)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * valign=top| → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on April 21, 1900.
 * valign=top|Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20, 1900) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Niue – Kingdom of Niue-Fekai (to October 20, 1900) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. In personal union with Sweden until June 7, 1905. Norway had three uninhabited possessions:
 * valign=top|🇳🇴 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
 * valign=top|🇳🇴 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
 * 🇳🇴 Bouvet Island
 * 🇳🇴 Peter I Island
 * 🇳🇴 Sverdrup Islands
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Nri – Kingdom of Nri
 * valign=top|Nri – Kingdom of Nri
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901.
 * valign=top|Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Nshenyi – Nshenyi Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

O

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by Ankole in 1901.
 * valign=top|Obwera – Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Obwera – Obwera Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Onitsha – Onitsha Kingdom (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Independent Annexed by the United Kingdom in May 31, 1902.
 * valign=top| Orange Free State (to May 31, 1902)
 * valign=top| Orange Free State (to May 31, 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state. The following are autonomous territories of the Ottoman Empire:
 * valign=top| Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
 * valign=top| Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
 * Crete (De jure autonomous state under de facto union with Greece since 1908)
 * Egypt (De jure Autonomous vassal under de facto British occupation)
 * Mecca (Non-sovereign state)
 * Qatar (De facto autonomous Kazak)
 * Samos (Autonomous state)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

P

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state from November 3, 1903.
 * valign=top| → 🇵🇦 Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903)
 * valign=top| → 🇵🇦 Panama – Republic of Panama (from November 3, 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * valign=top|🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Widely recognized state. Annexed by Siam in 1902.
 *  Pattani – Sultanate of Patani (to 1902)
 *  Pattani – Sultanate of Patani (to 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| → Persia – Sublime State of Persia
 * valign=top| → Persia – Sublime State of Persia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇵🇪 Peru – Peruvian Republic
 * valign=top|🇵🇪 Peru – Peruvian Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De facto independent state to March 23, 1901.
 * valign=top| Philippines – First Philippine Republic (to March 23, 1901)
 * valign=top| Philippines – First Philippine Republic (to March 23, 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, vassal state and possession of Portugal:
 * valign=top|🇵🇹 Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
 * valign=top|🇵🇹 Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese Cape Verde (Colony)
 * Kongo (Vassal state)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese East Africa (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese Guinea (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese India (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese Macau (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese Timor (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Portuguese West Africa (Colony)
 * 🇵🇹 Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (Possession)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
 * valign=top|Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate (to 1901)
 * valign=top|Potiskum – Potiskum Emirate (to 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

R

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state from January 15, 1902.
 * valign=top| Riyadh – Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15, 1902)
 * valign=top| Riyadh – Emirate of Riyadh (from January 15, 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Romania
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Romania
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1901.
 * valign=top|Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Rujumbura – Rujumbura Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state to 1901.
 * valign=top|Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * valign=top|Rukiga – Rukiga Kingdom (to 1901) Capital: Not specified
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Russia had two protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy:
 * valign=top| undefined – Russian Empire
 * valign=top| undefined – Russian Empire
 * Bukhara (Protectorate)
 * Khiva (Protectorate)
 * Tientsin (Concession from 1900)
 * Finland (Autonomous grand duchy)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

S

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇲 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
 * valign=top|🇸🇲 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Serbia
 * valign=top| undefined – Kingdom of Serbia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top| Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
 * valign=top| Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Siam has one vassal state:
 * valign=top| →  Siam – Kingdom of Siam
 * valign=top| →  Siam – Kingdom of Siam
 * Champasak (Vassal, to 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state to July 29, 1903. Annexed by the United Kingdom.
 * valign=top| Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29, 1903)
 * valign=top| Sokoto – Caliphal State in the Bilād as-Sūdān (to July 29, 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state. Spain had three colonies, and two possessions:
 * valign=top|🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * valign=top|🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * 🇪🇸 Elobey, Annobón and Corisco (Colony)
 * 🇪🇸 Fernando Po (Colony)
 * 🇪🇸 Río Muni (Colony)
 * 🇪🇸 Spanish North Africa (Possession)
 * Spanish Sahara (Possession)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state to June 1902.
 * valign=top| Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902)
 * valign=top| Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (to June 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state. In personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905.
 * valign=top|🇸🇪 → 🇸🇪 → 🇸🇪 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905)
 * valign=top|🇸🇪 → 🇸🇪 → 🇸🇪 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway until June 7, 1905)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
 * valign=top|🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

T

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905)
 * valign=top|Tagant – Emirate of Tagant (to 1905)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top| Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga (to May 18, 1900)
 * valign=top| Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga (to May 18, 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top| South African Republic – South African Republic (to May 31, 1902)
 * valign=top| South African Republic – South African Republic (to May 31, 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902)
 * valign=top|Trarza – Emirate of Trarza (to December 15, 1902)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

U

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
 * valign=top| undefined – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
 * valign=top| undefined – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
 * Aden (Protectorate)
 * Afghanistan (Protectorate under Treaty of Gandamak)
 * Amoy (Concession)
 * Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Condominium of the United Kingdom and the Khedivate of Egypt)
 * Ascension Island (Possession)
 * Bahama Islands (Crown colony)
 * Bahrain (Protectorate)
 * Baker Island (Uninhabited possession)
 * 🇧🇧 Barbados (Crown colony)
 * Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia (Protectorate)
 * Basutoland (Crown colony)
 * Bechuanaland (Protectorate)
 * Bermuda (Crown colony)
 * British Central Africa (Protectorate, to 6 July 1907)
 * British Ceylon (Crown colony)
 * 🇨🇾 British Cyprus (Protectorate)
 * British East Africa (Protectorate)
 * British Guiana (Colony)
 * British Honduras (Crown colony)
 * 🇭🇰 British Hong Kong (Crown colony)
 * 🇯🇲 British Jamaica (Crown colony)
 * British Leeward Islands (Crown colony)
 * 🇲🇺 British Mauritius (Crown colony)
 * British Somaliland (Crown colony)
 * 🇹🇹 British Trinidad and Tobago (Crown colony)
 * British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony)
 * British Windward Islands (Crown colony)
 * → Brunei (Protectorate)
 * Cape Colony (Colony)
 * Colony of Natal (Colony)
 * Falkland Islands (Crown colony)
 * Federated Malay States (Protectorate)
 * Friendly Islands (Tripartite protectorate to 1900, became part of the British Western Pacific Territories)
 * Gambia (Crown colony and protectorate)
 * Gibraltar (Crown colony)
 * Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Protectorate)
 * Gold Coast (Crown colony)
 * Graham Land (Uninhabited possession)
 * Guernsey (Crown dependency)
 * Hankou (Concession)
 * Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited possession)
 * undefined - Indian Empire (Empire)
 * 🇮🇲 Isle of Man (Crown dependency)
 * Jarvis Island (Uninhabited possession)
 * 🇯🇪 Jersey (Crown dependency)
 * 🇰🇼 Kuwait (Protectorate)
 * Labuan (Crown colony from 1904 to 2 January 1907)
 * Lagos (Colony to February 1906, incorporated into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate)
 * Maldive Islands (Protectorate)
 * 🇲🇹 Malta (Crown colony)
 * Muscat and Oman (Protectorate)
 * 🇳🇵 Nepal (Protectorate)
 * → Newfoundland (Crown colony to 26 September 1907)
 * New Hebrides (Anglo-French condominium, from October 20, 1906)
 * New South Wales (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * New Zealand (Colony, to 26 September 1907)
 * Niger Districts (Protectorate to 1900, became part of Northern Nigeria)
 * North Borneo (Protectorate)
 * Northern Nigeria (Protectorate from January 1, 1900)
 * North-Eastern Rhodesia (Protectorate, from 29 January 1900)
 * Nyasaland (Protectorate, from 6 July 1907)
 * Orange River Colony (Colony, from 31 May 1902)
 * British New Guinea (Colony to 18 March 1902, transferred to Australia)
 * Rhodesia (Company Rule by British South Africa Company)
 * Queensland (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * Saint Helena (Crown colony)
 * undefined (Protectorate)
 * 🇸🇨 Seychelles (Crown colony from 1903)
 * → Sierra Leone (Crown colony and protectorate)
 * Sikkim (Protectorate)
 * South Australia (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * South Orkney Islands (Uninhabited possession from 1908)
 * South Shetland Islands (Uninhabited possession from 1908)
 * Southern Nigeria (Protectorate, from 1 January 1900)
 * Straits Settlements (Crown colony)
 * Suez Canal Zone (Crown colony)
 * Swaziland (Protectorate, from 1903)
 * Tasmania (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * Tientsin (Concession)
 * Transvaal Colony (Colony from 31 May 1902)
 * Tristan da Cunha (Crown colony)
 * Trucial States (Protectorate)
 * Unfederated Malay States
 * Kedah (Protectorate)
 * Kelantan (Protectorate)
 * Perlis (Protectorate)
 * Terengganu (Protectorate)
 * 🇺🇬 Uganda (Protectorate)
 * Union Islands (Protectorate)
 * Victoria (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * Victoria Land (Uninhabited possession)
 * Weihai (Concession)
 * Western Australia (Colony to 1900, became a state of Australia)
 * Zanzibar (Protectorate)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
 * valign=top|🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * valign=top|🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Alaska (District)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 American Samoa (Territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Arizona (Territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Bajo Nuevo Bank (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Guam (Territory)
 * Hawaii (Territory)
 * 🇺🇸 →v🇺🇸 Howland Island (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Indian Territory (Territory to November 16, 1907)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Kingman Reef (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Middlebrook Island (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Midway Atoll (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Navassa Island (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 New Mexico (Territory)
 * 🇺🇸 Oklahoma (Territory to November 16, 1907)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Palmyra Atoll (Territory from 14 June 1900)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Panama Canal Zone (Territory, from 4 May 1904)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Philippine Islands
 * 🇺🇸 Philippine Islands (Territory to 1 July 1902)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Philippine Islands (Territory from 1 July 1902)
 * 🇵🇷 → 🇺🇸 → 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico (Territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Quita Sueño Bank (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Roncador Bank (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Serrana Bank (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Serranilla Bank (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Swan Islands (Uninhabited territory)
 * 🇺🇸 → 🇺🇸 Wake Island (Uninhabited territory)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 5 February 1904.
 * Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (to 5 February 1904)
 * Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (to 5 February 1904)
 * Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (to 5 February 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 23 April 1904.
 * Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (to 23 April 1904)
 * Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (to 23 April 1904)
 * Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (to 23 April 1904)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1903.
 * valign=top| Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa (to 1903)
 * valign=top| Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa (to 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized state.
 * valign=top|🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
 * valign=top|🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

V

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|🇻🇪 → 🇻🇪 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
 * valign=top|🇻🇪 → 🇻🇪 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

W

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|Wadai – Wadai Empire
 * valign=top|Wadai – Wadai Empire
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq (to 1906)
 * Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq (to 1906)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized independent state.
 * valign=top|Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900)
 * valign=top|Wukari – Wukari Federation (to 1900)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

States claiming sovereignty
Unrecognized state.
 * valign=top| Chita – Chita Republic (from November 22, 1905 to January 22, 1906)
 * valign=top| Chita – Chita Republic (from November 22, 1905 to January 22, 1906)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De facto independent state. Reannexed to Mexico from May 5, 1901.
 * valign=top| Cruzob – Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5, 1901)
 * valign=top| Cruzob – Chan Santa Cruz (to May 5, 1901)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Unrecognized state.
 * valign=top| Dervish State – Dervish State
 * valign=top| Dervish State – Dervish State
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Unrecognized state.
 * Gurian Republic (from 1902 to 1906)
 * Gurian Republic (from 1902 to 1906)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Unrecognized state.
 * Jungle Nation – Jungle Republic (to February 27, 1900)
 * Jungle Nation – Jungle Republic (to February 27, 1900)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Semi-independent state. Under Russian protection.
 * valign=top| Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
 * valign=top| Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

De facto independent state.
 * valign=top| Kruševo – Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903)
 * valign=top| Kruševo – Republic of Kruševo (from August 3 to August 13, 1903)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Unrecognized state.
 *  Negros – Cantonal Republic of Negros (to August 20, 1901)
 *  Negros – Cantonal Republic of Negros (to August 20, 1901)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Unrecognized state.
 * Shuliavka Republic (from December 12 to December 16, 1905)
 * Shuliavka Republic (from December 12 to December 16, 1905)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Unrecognized state from January 28 to January 31, 1903.
 * valign=top|Shuntian Kingdom – Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903)
 * valign=top|Shuntian Kingdom – Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun (from January 28 to January 31, 1903)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Unrecognized state.
 *  Strandzha Commune (from August 18 to September 8, 1903)
 *  Strandzha Commune (from August 18 to September 8, 1903)
 * colspan="2" |
 * colspan="2" |

Unrecognized state.
 * valign=top| Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6, 1902 to July 14, 1906)
 * valign=top| Tagalog Republic (de facto independent state, from May 6, 1902 to July 14, 1906)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * }
 * }