List of sovereign states in the 2020s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 210 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 13 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations
{| border="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; border-collapse:collapse; border'':0 solid #aaa;" !width=60%|Name and capital city !width=40%|Information on status and recognition of sovereignty
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A

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 * valign=top| undefined
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Widely-recognized UN member state. The United Nations continued to recognize the exiled government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the de jure legitimate government (from 15 August 2021).
 * Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (de facto ruling government since 15 August 2021)
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇦🇱 Albania – Republic of Albania
 * valign=top|🇦🇱 Albania – Republic of Albania
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇩🇿 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
 * valign=top|🇩🇿 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
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Widely recognized UN member state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.
 * valign=top|🇦🇩 Andorra – Principality of Andorra
 * valign=top|🇦🇩 Andorra – Principality of Andorra
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇦🇴 Angola – Republic of Angola
 * valign=top|🇦🇴 Angola – Republic of Angola
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Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm. Antigua and Barbuda had two dependencies, Barbuda and Redonda.
 * valign=top|🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda
 * valign=top|🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda
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Widely recognized UN member state. Argentina was a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city. It had a claim over Argentine Antarctica, which was suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. It also claimed the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, both of which were British overseas territories.
 * valign=top|🇦🇷 Argentina – Argentine Republic
 * valign=top|🇦🇷 Argentina – Argentine Republic
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇦🇲 Armenia – Republic of Armenia
 * valign=top|🇦🇲 Armenia – Republic of Armenia
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Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm. Australia was a federation of six states and three territories. It had sovereignty over the following external territories:
 * valign=top|🇦🇺 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
 * valign=top|🇦🇺 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
 * Ashmore and Cartier Islands
 * Australian Antarctic Territory (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * 🇨🇽 Christmas Island
 * 🇨🇨 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 * Coral Sea Islands
 * Heard Island and McDonald Islands
 * 🇳🇫 Norfolk Island
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Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member. Austria was a federation of nine states.
 * valign=top|🇦🇹 Austria – Republic of Austria
 * valign=top|🇦🇹 Austria – Republic of Austria
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Widely recognized UN member state. Azerbaijan had one autonomous republic, Nakhchivan. It included the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, where a partially recognized breakaway republic had declared independence (to 1 January 2024).
 * valign=top|🇦🇿 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan
 * valign=top|🇦🇿 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan
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B

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Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top| The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas
 * valign=top| The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇭 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain
 * valign=top|🇧🇭 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇩 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh
 * valign=top|🇧🇩 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh
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Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm until 30 November 2021, when it became a republic.
 * valign=top|🇧🇧 Barbados
 * valign=top|🇧🇧 Barbados
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇾 Belarus – Republic of Belarus
 * valign=top|🇧🇾 Belarus – Republic of Belarus
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Belgium was a federation of three communities and three regions.
 * valign=top|🇧🇪 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
 * valign=top|🇧🇪 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
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Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇧🇿 Belize
 * valign=top|🇧🇿 Belize
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Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇯 Benin – Republic of Benin
 * valign=top|🇧🇯 Benin – Republic of Benin
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇹 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
 * valign=top|🇧🇹 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
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Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇴 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia
 * valign=top|🇧🇴 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia
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Widely recognized UN member state. Bosnia and Herzegovina was a federation of two constituent entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was itself a federation of ten cantons, and Republika Srpska.
 * valign=top|🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * valign=top|🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇼 Botswana – Republic of Botswana
 * valign=top|🇧🇼 Botswana – Republic of Botswana
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Widely recognized UN member state. Brazil was a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
 * valign=top|🇧🇷 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil
 * valign=top|🇧🇷 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil
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Widely recognized UN member state. Brunei claimed part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia).
 * valign=top| Brunei – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace
 * valign=top| Brunei – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇧🇬 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria
 * valign=top|🇧🇬 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇫 Burkina Faso
 * valign=top|🇧🇫 Burkina Faso
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 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Burma Myanmar
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇧🇮 Burundi – Republic of Burundi
 * valign=top|🇧🇮 Burundi – Republic of Burundi
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C

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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇭 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
 * valign=top|🇰🇭 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇲 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon
 * valign=top|🇨🇲 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon
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Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm; Canada was a federation of ten provinces and three territories.
 * valign=top|🇨🇦 Canada
 * valign=top|🇨🇦 Canada
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇻 Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde
 * valign=top|🇨🇻 Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇫 Central African Republic
 * valign=top|🇨🇫 Central African Republic
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇩 Chad – Republic of Chad
 * valign=top|🇹🇩 Chad – Republic of Chad
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Widely recognized UN member state; Chile had two special territories, Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands. It had a claim over Chilean Antarctic Territory, although it was suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
 * valign=top|🇨🇱 Chile – Republic of Chile
 * valign=top|🇨🇱 Chile – Republic of Chile
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Widely recognized UN member state. The People's Republic of China had 22 provinces, four direct controlled municipalities and five autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Additionally, it had sovereignty over two special administrative regions: The People's Republic of China claimed Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, Pratas Island and the Vereker Banks, and Itu Aba, all of which were governed by the Republic of China. It also claimed the Paracel Islands (disputed by the Republic of China and Vietnam), the Spratly Islands (disputed by the Republic of China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei), and South Tibet (controlled by India). The People's Republic of China administered Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, which were within the disputed region of Kashmir.
 * valign=top|🇨🇳 China – People's Republic of China
 * valign=top|🇨🇳 China – People's Republic of China
 * 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * Macau
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Widely recognized UN member state; Colombia administered Serranilla Bank and claimed Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed by Nicaragua and the United States).
 * valign=top|🇨🇴 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
 * valign=top|🇨🇴 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
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Widely recognized UN member state. The Comoros was a federation of three islands autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Mohéli, and Anjouan. Comoros also claimed sovereignty over the French region of Mayotte and the Glorioso Islands. Comoros also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and France).
 * valign=top|🇰🇲 Comoros – Union of the Comoros
 * valign=top|🇰🇲 Comoros – Union of the Comoros
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| Congo, Democratic Republic of the
 * valign=top| Congo, Democratic Republic of the
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| Congo, Republic of the
 * valign=top| Congo, Republic of the
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇨🇷 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
 * valign=top|🇨🇷 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
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Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member.
 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast
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 * valign=top|🇭🇷 Croatia – Republic of Croatia
 * valign=top|🇭🇷 Croatia – Republic of Croatia
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Widely recognized UN member state. The Cuban region of Guantánamo Bay was under the control of the United States.
 * valign=top|🇨🇺 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
 * valign=top|🇨🇺 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
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Widely recognized UN member state; EU member. The northeastern part of the island was the de facto independent state of Northern Cyprus, which was recognized only by Turkey.
 * valign=top|🇨🇾 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus
 * valign=top|🇨🇾 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇨🇿 Czech Republic
 * valign=top|🇨🇿 Czech Republic
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D

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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. The Kingdom of Denmark also included two autonomous countries:
 * valign=top|🇩🇰 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
 * valign=top|🇩🇰 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
 * 🇬🇱 Greenland
 * 🇫🇴 Faroe Islands
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇩🇯 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti
 * valign=top|🇩🇯 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇩🇲 Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica
 * valign=top|🇩🇲 Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
 * valign=top|🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
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E

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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
 * valign=top| East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇪🇨 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
 * valign=top|🇪🇨 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇪🇬 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt
 * valign=top|🇪🇬 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇻 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
 * valign=top|🇸🇻 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea
 * valign=top|🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇪🇷 Eritrea – State of Eritrea
 * valign=top|🇪🇷 Eritrea – State of Eritrea
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇪🇪 Estonia – Republic of Estonia
 * valign=top|🇪🇪 Estonia – Republic of Estonia
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Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini
 * valign=top| Eswatini – Kingdom of Eswatini
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Widely recognized UN member state. Ethiopia was a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.
 * valign=top|🇪🇹 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
 * valign=top|🇪🇹 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
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F

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Widely recognized UN member state. Fiji had an autonomous dependency, Rotuma.
 * valign=top|🇫🇯 Fiji – Republic of Fiji
 * valign=top|🇫🇯 Fiji – Republic of Fiji
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Finland had a neutral and demilitarised region:
 * valign=top|🇫🇮 Finland – Republic of Finland
 * valign=top|🇫🇮 Finland – Republic of Finland
 * Åland
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. France included five overseas departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion. It also had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: France also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Madagascar and the Comoros).
 * valign=top|🇫🇷 → 🇫🇷 France – French Republic
 * valign=top|🇫🇷 → 🇫🇷 France – French Republic
 * Clipperton Island
 * 🇵🇫 French Polynesia
 * French Southern and Antarctic Lands (including a claim to Adélie Land which was suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.)
 * 🇳🇨 New Caledonia
 * Saint-Barthélemy
 * Saint Martin
 * 🇵🇲 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 * French Southern and Antarctic Lands (district of Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean):
 * Bassas da India (disputed by Madagascar)
 * Europa Island (disputed by Madagascar)
 * Glorioso Islands (disputed by Madagascar and Comoros)
 * Juan de Nova Island (disputed by Madagascar)
 * Tromelin Island (disputed by Mauritius)
 * 🇼🇫 Wallis and Futuna
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G

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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇦 Gabon – Gabonese Republic
 * valign=top|🇬🇦 Gabon – Gabonese Republic
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia
 * valign=top| The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia
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Widely recognized UN member state. Georgia had two autonomous regions, Adjara and Abkhazia; the latter was home to a de facto independent state. Georgia also included the disputed region of South Ossetia, where a partially-recognized breakaway republic had declared independence.
 * valign=top| Georgia
 * valign=top| Georgia
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Germany was a federation of sixteen states.
 * valign=top|🇩🇪 Germany – Federal Republic of Germany
 * valign=top|🇩🇪 Germany – Federal Republic of Germany
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇭 Ghana – Republic of Ghana
 * valign=top|🇬🇭 Ghana – Republic of Ghana
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Greece had sovereignty over Mount Athos, an autonomous monastic state that was jointly governed by the multi-national "Holy Community" on the mountain and the Civil Governor appointed by the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and spiritually under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
 * valign=top|🇬🇷 Greece – Hellenic Republic
 * valign=top|🇬🇷 Greece – Hellenic Republic
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Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Grenada had one autonomous dependency, Carriacou and Petite Martinique.
 * valign=top|🇬🇩 Grenada
 * valign=top|🇬🇩 Grenada
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇹 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
 * valign=top|🇬🇹 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇳 Guinea – Republic of Guinea
 * valign=top|🇬🇳 Guinea – Republic of Guinea
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 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
 * valign=top|🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇬🇾 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
 * valign=top|🇬🇾 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
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 * colspan=3|
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H

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Widely recognized UN member state. Haiti claimed the uninhabited U.S. possession of Navassa Island.
 * valign=top|🇭🇹 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
 * valign=top|🇭🇹 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
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 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Holy See Vatican City
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇭🇳 → 🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
 * valign=top|🇭🇳 → 🇭🇳 Honduras – Republic of Honduras
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Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇭🇺 Hungary
 * valign=top|🇭🇺 Hungary
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 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

I

 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇮🇸 Iceland – Republic of Iceland
 * valign=top|🇮🇸 Iceland – Republic of Iceland
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized UN member state. India was a federation of twenty-eight states and nine union territories. Indian sovereignty over South Tibet was disputed by China. India administered part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
 * valign=top|🇮🇳 India – Republic of India
 * valign=top|🇮🇳 India – Republic of India
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Indonesia had five special provinces: Aceh, Jakarta, Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.
 * valign=top|🇮🇩 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia
 * valign=top|🇮🇩 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇮🇷 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran
 * valign=top|🇮🇷 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran
 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized UN member state. Iraq was constitutionally designated as a federation of autonomous regions, but only one region (Iraqi Kurdistan) had been established.
 * valign=top|🇮🇶 Iraq – Republic of Iraq
 * valign=top|🇮🇶 Iraq – Republic of Iraq
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇮🇪 Ireland
 * valign=top|🇮🇪 Ireland
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Israel occupied East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank. These areas were not generally recognized as being part of Israel.
 * valign=top|🇮🇱 Israel – State of Israel
 * valign=top|🇮🇱 Israel – State of Israel
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Italy had 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.
 * valign=top|🇮🇹 Italy – Italian Republic
 * valign=top|🇮🇹 Italy – Italian Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Yamoussoukro (official), Abidjan (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
 * valign=top| Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
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J

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * valign=top|🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Its claim over the Liancourt Rocks was disputed by North Korea and South Korea. Its claim over Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai Islands was disputed by Russia.
 * valign=top|🇯🇵 Japan
 * valign=top|🇯🇵 Japan


 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇯🇴 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
 * valign=top|🇯🇴 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
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K

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇿 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan Capital: Nur-Sultan (renamed Astana in 2022)
 * valign=top|🇰🇿 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan Capital: Nur-Sultan (renamed Astana in 2022)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇪 Kenya – Republic of Kenya
 * valign=top|🇰🇪 Kenya – Republic of Kenya
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇮 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
 * valign=top|🇰🇮 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. It claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea and its claim over the Liancourt Rocks was disputed by South Korea and Japan.
 * valign=top| Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea
 * valign=top| Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. South Korea had one autonomous region, Jeju. It claimed to be the sole legitimate government of Korea and its claim over the Liancourt Rocks was disputed by North Korea and Japan.
 * valign=top| Korea, South – Republic of Korea
 * valign=top| Korea, South – Republic of Korea
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇼 Kuwait – State of Kuwait
 * valign=top|🇰🇼 Kuwait – State of Kuwait
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely-recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇰🇬 → 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic
 * valign=top|🇰🇬 → 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

L

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic
 * valign=top| Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇱🇻 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
 * valign=top|🇱🇻 Latvia – Republic of Latvia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇧 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic
 * valign=top|🇱🇧 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇸 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho
 * valign=top|🇱🇸 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * valign=top|🇱🇷 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇾 Libya – State of Libya
 * valign=top|🇱🇾 Libya – State of Libya
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Liechtenstein was the responsibility of Switzerland.
 * valign=top|🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * valign=top|🇱🇮 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇱🇹 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
 * valign=top|🇱🇹 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
 * valign=top|🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

M

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Madagascar claimed the French possessions of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands and Juan de Nova Island. It also claimed Banc du Geyser (disputed by Comoros and France).
 * valign=top|🇲🇬 Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar
 * valign=top|🇲🇬 Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇼 Malawi – Republic of Malawi
 * valign=top|🇲🇼 Malawi – Republic of Malawi
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Kuala Lumpur (official), Putrajaya (administrative) Widely recognized UN member state. Malaysia was a federation of thirteen states and three federal territories. Malaysia claimed part of the Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Brunei).
 * valign=top|🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * valign=top|🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇻 Maldives – Republic of Maldives
 * valign=top|🇲🇻 Maldives – Republic of Maldives
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇱 Mali – Republic of Mali
 * valign=top|🇲🇱 Mali – Republic of Mali
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇲🇹 Malta – Republic of Malta
 * valign=top|🇲🇹 Malta – Republic of Malta
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Marshall Islands claimed the United States territory of Wake Island.
 * valign=top|🇲🇭 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
 * valign=top|🇲🇭 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇷 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
 * valign=top|🇲🇷 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Mauritius had one autonomous dependency, Rodrigues, and two other dependencies, Agalega Islands and Cargados Carajos. It claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory and the French territory of Tromelin Island.
 * valign=top|🇲🇺 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius
 * valign=top|🇲🇺 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Mexico was a federation of 31 states and one federal district.
 * valign=top|🇲🇽 Mexico – United Mexican States
 * valign=top|🇲🇽 Mexico – United Mexican States
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The FSM was a federation of four states.
 * valign=top| Federated States of Micronesia
 * valign=top| Federated States of Micronesia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Moldova had two autonomous territorial units, Gagauzia and Transnistria; the latter was controlled by a de facto independent state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇩 Moldova – Republic of Moldova
 * valign=top|🇲🇩 Moldova – Republic of Moldova
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Monaco was the responsibility of France.
 * valign=top|🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * valign=top|🇲🇨 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇳 Mongolia
 * valign=top|🇲🇳 Mongolia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇪 Montenegro
 * valign=top|🇲🇪 Montenegro
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Morocco claimed sovereignty over Western Sahara, which was disputed and partially controlled by the de facto independent Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Morocco disputed Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla, and Peñón de Alhucemas.
 * valign=top|🇲🇦 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco
 * valign=top|🇲🇦 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇿 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique
 * valign=top|🇲🇿 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇲🇲 Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar
 * valign=top|🇲🇲 Myanmar – Republic of the Union of Myanmar
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

N

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇳🇦 Namibia – Republic of Namibia
 * valign=top|🇳🇦 Namibia – Republic of Namibia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Yaren (unofficial, seat of parliament) Widely recognized UN member state. The defense of Nauru was the responsibility of Australia.
 * valign=top|🇳🇷 Nauru – Republic of Nauru
 * valign=top|🇳🇷 Nauru – Republic of Nauru
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Nepal was a federation of seven provinces.
 * valign=top|🇳🇵 Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
 * valign=top|🇳🇵 Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Amsterdam (official), The Hague (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consisted of four autonomous countries: It also had sovereignty over one non-autonomous region (consisting of three special municipalities that are part of the Netherlands): The Kingdom of the Netherlands, excluding Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the Caribbean Netherlands, was a member of the EU.
 * valign=top| Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * valign=top| Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * 🇦🇼 Aruba
 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands
 * 🇨🇼 Curaçao
 * Sint Maarten
 * Caribbean Netherlands
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. New Zealand had responsibilities for the two free associated states of: It also had sovereignty over two dependent territories: The government of Tokelau claimed Swains Island, part of American Samoa (an unincorporated territory of the United States). New Zealand did not recognize this claim.
 * valign=top|🇳🇿 New Zealand
 * valign=top|🇳🇿 New Zealand
 * 🇨🇰 Cook Islands
 * 🇳🇺 Niue
 * Ross Dependency (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * 🇹🇰 Tokelau
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Nicaragua had two autonomous regions: the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region and South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region.
 * valign=top|🇳🇮 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * valign=top|🇳🇮 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇳🇪 Niger – Republic of Niger
 * valign=top|🇳🇪 Niger – Republic of Niger
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Nigeria was a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
 * valign=top|🇳🇬 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria
 * valign=top|🇳🇬 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top| North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia
 * valign=top| North Macedonia – Republic of North Macedonia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Norway had two integral overseas areas: Jan Mayen and Svalbard. The latter had a special status due to the Spitsbergen Treaty. Norway had sovereignty over the following dependencies:
 * valign=top|🇳🇴 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
 * valign=top|🇳🇴 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
 * Bouvet Island
 * Peter I Island (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * Queen Maud Land (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

O

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Muscat Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇴🇲 Oman – Sultanate of Oman
 * valign=top|🇴🇲 Oman – Sultanate of Oman
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

P

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Pakistan was a federation of four provinces and four territories. It administered part of the disputed region of Kashmir as the territories of Azad Kashmir and the autonomous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan.
 * valign=top|🇵🇰 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 * valign=top|🇵🇰 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.
 * valign=top|🇵🇼 Palau – Republic of Palau
 * valign=top|🇵🇼 Palau – Republic of Palau
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Ramallah (administrative), Gaza City (administrative), Jerusalem (claims) Partially-recognised de facto self-governing entity. Palestine claimed sovereignty over a disputed region consisting of three Israeli-occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. Palestine was a non-member observer state of the United Nations General Assembly. The Palestinian National Authority was an interim administrative body that exercised limited control over parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Gaza was under the control of Hamas.
 * valign=top| Palestine – State of Palestine
 * valign=top| Palestine – State of Palestine
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇵🇦 Panama – Republic of Panama
 * valign=top|🇵🇦 Panama – Republic of Panama
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Papua New Guinea had one autonomous region, Bougainville.
 * valign=top|🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
 * valign=top|🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * valign=top|🇵🇾 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇵🇪 Peru – Republic of Peru
 * valign=top|🇵🇪 Peru – Republic of Peru
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. The Philippines had one autonomous region, Bangsamoro. The Philippines administered Scarborough Shoal, which was disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. It also claimed sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, and Malaysia) and the Malaysian territory of Sabah.
 * valign=top|🇵🇭 Philippines – Republic of the Philippines
 * valign=top|🇵🇭 Philippines – Republic of the Philippines
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇵🇱 Poland – Republic of Poland
 * valign=top|🇵🇱 Poland – Republic of Poland
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member. Portugal had two autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira. Portugal claimed the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga.
 * valign=top|🇵🇹 Portugal – Portuguese Republic
 * valign=top|🇵🇹 Portugal – Portuguese Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

Q

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇶🇦 Qatar – State of Qatar
 * valign=top|🇶🇦 Qatar – State of Qatar
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

R

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇷🇴 Romania
 * valign=top|🇷🇴 Romania
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Russia was a federation of 22 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 3 federal cities, 1 autonomous oblast, and 4 autonomous okrugs. Its claim over Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai Islands was disputed by Japan and its claim over Crimea, Donetsk Oblast, Kherson Oblast, Luhansk Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast was disputed by Ukraine.
 * valign=top|🇷🇺 Russia – Russian Federation
 * valign=top|🇷🇺 Russia – Russian Federation
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇷🇼 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda
 * valign=top|🇷🇼 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

S

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm. Saint Kitts and Nevis was a federation of fourteen parishes on two islands. It had one autonomous island, Nevis.
 * valign=top|🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * valign=top|🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state and a Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
 * valign=top|🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * valign=top|🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇼🇸 Samoa – Independent State of Samoa
 * valign=top|🇼🇸 Samoa – Independent State of Samoa
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇲 San Marino – Republic of San Marino
 * valign=top|🇸🇲 San Marino – Republic of San Marino
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; São Tomé and Príncipe had one autonomous province, Príncipe.
 * valign=top| São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
 * valign=top| São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 * valign=top|🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇳 Senegal – Republic of Senegal
 * valign=top|🇸🇳 Senegal – Republic of Senegal
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Serbia claimed two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija, with the latter controlled by a partially-recognized de facto independent state.
 * valign=top|🇷🇸 Serbia – Republic of Serbia
 * valign=top|🇷🇸 Serbia – Republic of Serbia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. The Seychelles claimed the British Indian Ocean Territory.
 * valign=top|🇸🇨 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles
 * valign=top|🇸🇨 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇱 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
 * valign=top|🇸🇱 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇬 Singapore – Republic of Singapore
 * valign=top|🇸🇬 Singapore – Republic of Singapore
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇸🇰 Slovakia – Slovak Republic
 * valign=top|🇸🇰 Slovakia – Slovak Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇸🇮 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia
 * valign=top|🇸🇮 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
 * valign=top|🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Several autonomous regional governments existed in the de jure territory of Somalia. Although these states did not claim independence from Somalia, they were de facto self-governing: There were also areas of the country that at various times had no effective government at all, or which were ruled by local clans. In addition, one state, Somaliland, had declared and established de facto independence from Somalia.
 * valign=top|🇸🇴 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia
 * valign=top|🇸🇴 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia
 * Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
 * al-Shabaab
 * 🇸🇴 Galmudug
 * 🇸🇴 Himan and Heeb
 * Jubaland/Azania
 * Puntland
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇿🇦 South Africa – Republic of South Africa
 * valign=top|🇿🇦 South Africa – Republic of South Africa
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. South Sudan was a federation of 10 states. It disputed Abyei with Sudan.
 * valign=top|🇸🇸 → 🇸🇸 South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan
 * valign=top|🇸🇸 → 🇸🇸 South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state and an EU member. Spain was divided into seventeen autonomous communities and two autonomous cities. Its sovereignty over Ceuta, Isla de Alborán, Isla Perejil, Islas Chafarinas, Melilla and Peñón de Alhucemas was disputed by Morocco. Its sovereignty over Olivenza and Táliga was disputed by Portugal. It claimed the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.
 * valign=top|🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * valign=top|🇪🇸 Spain – Kingdom of Spain
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte (administrative), Colombo (commercial) Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇱🇰 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
 * valign=top|🇱🇰 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Sudan was a federation of 18 states. Sovereignty over Abyei was disputed with South Sudan.
 * valign=top|🇸🇩 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan
 * valign=top|🇸🇩 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇸🇷 Suriname – Republic of Suriname
 * valign=top|🇸🇷 Suriname – Republic of Suriname
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Swaziland Eswatini
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member.
 * valign=top|🇸🇪 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
 * valign=top|🇸🇪 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Switzerland was a federation of 26 cantons.
 * valign=top|🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
 * valign=top|🇨🇭 Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. Syria included the Golan Heights, which were occupied by Israel. It disputed the Turkish sovereignty over Hatay Province. The government of the Syrian Arab Republic was widely viewed as the legitimate authority of Syria, though control of its territory transferred between multiple groups during the Syrian civil war.
 * valign=top| Syria – Syrian Arab Republic
 * valign=top| Syria – Syrian Arab Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

T

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Tajikistan had one autonomous province, Gorno-Badakhshan.
 * valign=top|🇹🇯 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan
 * valign=top|🇹🇯 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Capital: Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (seat of government) Widely recognized UN member state; Tanzania had one autonomous region, Zanzibar.
 * valign=top|🇹🇿 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania
 * valign=top|🇹🇿 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇭 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand
 * valign=top|🇹🇭 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; font-size:100%;"|Timor-Leste East Timor
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇬 Togo – Togolese Republic
 * valign=top|🇹🇬 Togo – Togolese Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇴 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
 * valign=top|🇹🇴 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Trinidad and Tobago had one autonomous island, Tobago.
 * valign=top|🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
 * valign=top|🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇳 Tunisia – Tunisian Republic
 * valign=top|🇹🇳 Tunisia – Tunisian Republic
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇷 Turkey – Republic of Türkiye
 * valign=top|🇹🇷 Turkey – Republic of Türkiye
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
 * valign=top|🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Commonwealth realm.
 * valign=top|🇹🇻 Tuvalu
 * valign=top|🇹🇻 Tuvalu
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|


 * colspan=3|
 * colspan=3|

U

 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇺🇬 Uganda – Republic of Uganda
 * valign=top|🇺🇬 Uganda – Republic of Uganda
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; Ukraine had one autonomous republic, Crimea. Crimea and the city of Sevastopol were under de facto Russian control, and Donetsk Oblast, Kherson Oblast, Luhansk Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast were claimed by Russia beginning in 2022.
 * valign=top|🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * valign=top|🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state; the United Arab Emirates was a federation of seven emirates.
 * valign=top|🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * valign=top|🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|

Widely recognized UN member state. EU member (to 31 January 2020). The United Kingdom was composed of four "countries": England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It had sovereignty over the following British overseas territories: In addition, the British Monarch (not the United Kingdom) had direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:
 * valign=top|🇬🇧 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 * valign=top|🇬🇧 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 * 🇦🇮 Anguilla
 * 🇧🇲 Bermuda
 * British Antarctic Territory (suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
 * 🇮🇴 British Indian Ocean Territory (disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
 * British Virgin Islands
 * 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands
 * Falkland Islands (disputed by Argentina)
 * 🇬🇮 Gibraltar (disputed by Spain)
 * 🇲🇸 Montserrat
 * Pitcairn Islands
 * 🇸🇭 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 * South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (disputed by Argentina)
 * Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia
 * 🇹🇨 Turks and Caicos Islands
 * 🇬🇬 Guernsey, with two dependencies:
 * Alderney
 * Sark
 * 🇮🇲 Isle of Man
 * 🇯🇪 Jersey
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Widely recognized UN member state. The United States was a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory. It asserted sovereignty over the following inhabited insular areas: It also had sovereignty over eight uninhabited unincorporated territories, which are sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands: The United States claimed Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank. Its claim to Serranilla was disputed by Colombia and Nicaragua and its claim to Bajo Nuevo was disputed by Colombia, Jamaica, and Nicaragua. Some government sources stated that these two areas were unincorporated territories of the United States.
 * valign=top|🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * valign=top|🇺🇸 United States – United States of America
 * 🇦🇸 American Samoa (including Swains Island, which was disputed by Tokelau)
 * 🇬🇺 Guam
 * 🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands
 * 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico
 * United States Virgin Islands
 * Baker Island
 * Howland Island
 * Jarvis Island
 * Johnston Atoll
 * Kingman Reef
 * Midway Atoll
 * Navassa Island (claims by Haiti)
 * Wake Island (claims by the Marshall Islands)
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
 * valign=top|🇺🇾 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
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Widely recognized UN member state. Uzbekistan had one autonomous republic, Karakalpakstan.
 * valign=top|🇺🇿 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan
 * valign=top|🇺🇿 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan
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V

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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇻🇺 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu
 * valign=top|🇻🇺 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu
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Widely recognized independent state. Vatican City was administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity recognized by a large number of countries and a non-member observer state of the United Nations General Assembly. The Holy See also administered a number of extraterritorial properties in Italy. The Pope was the ex officio head of state of Vatican City.
 * valign=top|🇻🇦 Vatican City – Vatican City State
 * valign=top|🇻🇦 Vatican City – Vatican City State
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Widely recognized UN member state. Venezuela was a federation of 23 states, one federal dependency, and one federal district.
 * valign=top|🇻🇪 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
 * valign=top|🇻🇪 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
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Widely recognized UN member state. Vietnam claimed sovereignty over the Paracel Islands (disputed by China and Taiwan) and Spratly Islands (disputed by China, Taiwan, Brunei, the Philippines, and Malaysia).
 * valign=top| Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam
 * valign=top| Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam
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Y

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Widely recognized UN member state. It faced two civil wars:
 * valign=top|🇾🇪 Yemen – Republic of Yemen
 * valign=top|🇾🇪 Yemen – Republic of Yemen
 * The Islamist, Iranian-backed Houthi movement
 * The socialist, UAE-backed Southern Movement
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 * colspan=3|
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Z

 * colspan=2|
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇿🇲 Zambia – Republic of Zambia
 * valign=top|🇿🇲 Zambia – Republic of Zambia
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Widely recognized UN member state.
 * valign=top|🇿🇼 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe
 * valign=top|🇿🇼 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe
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 * }
 * }

Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
 * 🇦🇶 Antarctica, as a whole, had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
 * 🇪🇺 The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation that had 27 member states (28 members until 31 January 2020). The member states transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
 * The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) was a former proto-state and current insurgent group primarily in Iraq and Syria, among other nations. ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
 * The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
 * The Tigray Region was recognized as a region of Ethiopia. Despite having been at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it was not commonly considered a sovereign state and was more of an insurgency or proto-state.