Talk:Antarctica/Archive 3

Species of Lichen
According to the article, "There are more than 200 species of lichens" in Antarctica. But lichens are composed of two species, on plant and one fungus. SO I'm not sure what is meant here. Please advise. 98.185.236.199 (talk) 05:16, 23 January 2011 (UTC)


 * Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a fungus and often a plant such as green algae. There are over 200 of these types of composite organisms living in Antarctica. AerobicFox (talk) 06:07, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Antarctic Micronational Union edit request
http://www.columbusmagazine.nl/special/2685/10_the_grand_duchy_of_westarctica_west-antarctica.html

According to this article there is a micronational union of an Antarctic nations. I think it could be worth putting a note about them in the politics section or under claims

their microwikipedia page is http://www.microwiki.org.uk/index.php?title=AMU Vitcash (talk) 19:42, 6 February 2011 (UTC)


 * Micronations are not relevant or important enough to include in this article, even in the politics or territorial claims article. They hold absolutely no relevance in the real world running of most areas, an issue that is probably particularly appropriate to antarctica. Perhaps on the List of micronations page (which currently only has one) a mention could be made. Chipmunkdavis (talk) 14:21, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Surely it is the user community that decides what is relevant and what is not, how can you say that this is an unimportant viewpoint of a minority? there are literally thousands of these people around the globe involved in this, and you choose to write large articles about small groups with only dozens of members? Respectfully, what you define as 'important enough' is clearly a biased viewpoint, this is a large society of people creating certain wonders, to deny them even a paragraph is denying their right to be regarded as good people. It's not like they asked you to write a whole article on the topic, which has been done several times on this site on similar micronational substances. Dont tell me that this is not important, because if i chose to reject everything that i found 'unimportant', wikipedia would be a very small site. Reconsider your viewpoint, because people will be interested in this subject and visit your site to learn about them. --BritannianVanguard (talk) 18:26, 7 February 2011 (UTC)


 * None of this makes micronations relevant here as per Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. See WP:UNDUE.  If people want to know about micronations, they are perfectly welcome to go to the articles micronation or List of micronations. Pfainuk talk 20:17, 7 February 2011 (UTC)


 * Maybe if you didn't delete the pages that micronations create then we would create pages as you suggest we do. But until that happens it is pretty pointless for us to do work only to have it deleted. 94.7.209.243 (talk) 21:34, 7 February 2011 (UTC)


 * If you wish to see coverage in a Wiki format of subjects that do not meet Wikipedia's standards of notability, neutrality or verifiability, I suggest you try Wikia. Indeed, I notice that such a Wiki already exists there. Pfainuk talk 22:22, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

shoudent the microwiki be on here. its useful to learn more stuff and it would help alot with more learning about it. i agree with adding the micro wiki. from plahunter101 3:17 PM

Terrestrial vertebrates
The "Fauna" section says "Few terrestrial vertebrates live in Antarctica", implying that some do, but these are never identified. In fact, it's unclear exactly what "terrestrial" and "purely terrestrial" (a term used later apparently in contrast) are supposed to mean, especially as regards birds. The website to which the opening statement is sourced says:


 * "Few terrestrial vertebrates are resident in Antarctica and those which do occur are limited to sub-Antarctic islands. These include a single endemic insectivorous passerine (the South Georgia Pipit (Anthus antarcticus)) and freshwater ducks on South Georgia and/or Kerguelen."

This seems to be extending the scope of "Antarctica" to include places like South Georgia, whereas one gets the distinct impression that this article is describing the fauna of continental Antarctica.

So, in summary, several things need doing here:

86.160.208.20 (talk) 03:05, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Define "terrestrial" and "purely terrestrial"
 * Define "Antarctica"
 * Enumerate the terrestrial vertebrates, if any.

Edit request from 77.188.67.244, 3 April 2011
1. CURRENT text version:

Mesozoic era (250–65 Ma) [...] In Eastern Antarctica, the seed fern became established, and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. [...]

2. NEW text version:

Mesozoic era (250–65 Ma) [...] In Eastern Antarctica, the seed ferns of the Glossopteris flora became established, and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. [...]

SOURCE: See e.g. the Wikipedia lemma on Glossopteris.

Regards

77.188.67.244 (talk) 14:57, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. (Please see WP:RS; Wikipedia articles cannot be used as sources.) If you do so, please re-open this request. &mdash; UncleBubba ( T @ C ) 22:57, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Neogene forests
Hi. The paragraph on forests occurring within a short distance of the South Pole roughly 3 million years ago is backed up by three citations. However, there are a few problems in citing this claim: I'm not suggesting this information be removed, just so that it is corrected and placed into other time periods listed in the article on the geologic history if needed. It would help to cite more scientific journals or science news websites following up on the Neogene forest discoveries. I also suggest clarifying what the fossils actually are. Thanks. ~ AH1 (discuss!) 02:02, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The first reference is from 1986, and highlights some uncertainty in the radiometric dating of the fossil forest, saying that it could be older than a few million years. It also mentions another process, that open water could have carried other fossil traces to mountains that are now buried under ice. The significance was not known, so it needs to be backed up by later sources that either directly mention this initial study or directly refer to the Neogene period.
 * The second citation from Discovery News discusses the Permian period. I could not find any reference to the Neogene or the Webb discovery, and one major fossil location is on the coastline of the Ross Sea.
 * The third one shows information on a wide selection of fossils, but the only mention of plant fossils refers to either the Antarctic Peninsula or fossils laid down during the Mesozoic on West Antarctica. There is still no mention of more recent forests near the South Pole.

Not coldest place on Earth
That title belongs to the mesopause. Antarctica is the coldest place on the surface of the earth. Robopologist (talk) 21:12, 21 April 2011 (UTC)


 * A technically correct but unhelpful statement. In common usage by most people "coldest place" means on the surface. If we applied your kind of definition, we could say that the hottest place in my country is 3,000km below the surface. I don't think we need to move away from common usage on this one. HiLo48 (talk) 21:37, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

Note on facts used and References not working
1. The average thickness of ice in Antarctica including ice shelves is 1958m. (Please Cut at least 1.6 km thick) Source: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/teacher_resources/resources/factsheets/index.php

2. The Exact Area is not 14 Million but 13,829,430km2 Danny shimel

For reference in size: Around 58 times the size of the UK, or 1.4 times the size of the USA, or area of India and China combined.(Source: as above)

3. The reference for the amount of precipitation (number 6) is not correct.

4. To date 48 countries have signed the treaty, this includes 28 countries which have set up their research stations in Antarctica and are members of the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs(COMNAP) and 20 others. Source: http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e

5. In two short words the main aim of the treaty is to promote Peace and Science without damaging the environment.

6. For number of scientists please mention “around 5000 during the summer and around 1000 during the winter"

7. In the " Geography" section  it says " Antarctica occupies more than 14 Million...." False, as reported area is less than that. See point 2. Nathanian Palmer (talk) 14:53, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

Antarctic Circumpolar Current
There's an interesting research on the impact of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) on Antarctic glaciation published in Science on May 27. Here's the abstract. Regards, Cinosaur (talk) 08:25, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

The first-human-born rubbish
This desinformational trivia is reoccurring in diverse articles:
 * first child born in the southern polar region [here and Antarctic there] was Norwegian girl Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen, born

She was born in Grytviken, South Georgia, part of South America. This factoid is just annoying trivia, presenting a record holder that is not a record holder. Not encyclopedic! Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 16:10, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

well then was, if its annoying trivia, then can you say who's the real first person? plahunter101 3:22 pm

Eastern/Western Antartica
In the Climate section, the text refers to Eastern and Western Antarctica. Referring to the East and the West of Antarctica should be used to clarify location, but what Eastern and Western Antarctica are is unclear. Could someone who knows what this means clarify. Thanks,  pluma  Ø  02:36, 9 October 2011 (UTC).
 * The best place to find that sort of thing out is by looking at the Geography section. Do you find anything unclear about the 2nd paragraph there? Franamax (talk) 05:00, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

Work needed
Hello everyone! This article currently appears near the top of the cleanup listing for featured articles, with several cleanup tags. Cleanup work needs to be completed on this article, or a featured article review may be in order. Please contact me on my talk page if you have any questions. Thank you! Dana boomer (talk) 19:34, 20 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I see that some work has been done in cleaning up the article since my post above. However, there are still several tags and other issues that need attention - is anyone willing to work on these outside the remit of FAR? Besides the citation needed and dubious/discuss tags, as well as three dead link tags, I see several areas where statistics (populations, snowfall, etc.) are given without references, plus references missing information (correct titles, publishers, etc), and an extensive see also section that should probably be trimmed and have as many links as possible incorporated into the article text. Thanks, Dana boomer (talk) 19:53, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Photo of south pole not actual south pole
The photo presented under the "Population" section claiming to be the South Pole, is actually only the ceremonial South Pole, used largely for photo-ops. The actual south pole is a several hundred feet away and moves about 30' per year (well, the pole doesn't move, the ice sheet does). There is a separate marker, set out each year (and different each year), with the current position of the South Pole. I would be glad to provide photos from early 2000's of these markers, however, as a new user I cannot modify this semi-protected article.

Warsky (talk) 03:27, 3 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks, South Pole describes it better than this article. I amended the caption. Feel free to suggest further improvement. You'll need 4 days and 10 edits after registration to edit semiprotected articles. Materialscientist (talk) 03:39, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

Date Amundsen and Scott reached the South Pole
I've seen both December 14 and 15, 1911 for Amundsen and January 17/18, 1912 for Scott.

Is the difference based on the time it would have been in their actual homelands of Norway and Great Britain, perhaps? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zz pot (talk • contribs) 01:11, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

The sign at the pole commemorating these events have Dec 14, and January 17. I'm not sure about the other dates. The south pole doesn't really have a time zone. The base now follows NZ time mostly because its convenient for logistics, but when you are standing at the south pole you are technically in all time zones, depending, I suppose where you put your feet. Warsky (talk) 04:04, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from, 4 November 2011
In the first sentence of the history section, the article describes the "northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa." "North Africa" should instead be "North America".

66.116.20.134 (talk) 02:38, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry, no time to think, and just a quick comment - was America known at the time relevant to that sentence? Materialscientist (talk) 03:16, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Not done, per Materialscientist. Europe, Asia and North Africa were the entire "known" world at the time - though the sentence is a little Eurocentric. Franamax (talk) 04:52, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Edit request: Antarctica in popular media
I hope there is a section or a page about Antarctica in popular media and summerize how fictions, adventure stories, science fictions, movies and documentary see Antarctica.111.251.230.222 (talk) 02:39, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

Suggest adding text about National Research Council report
Hi, I'd like to add some text about a 2011 National Research Council report that identifies key research directions for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean over the next two decades.


 * A 2011 report from the United States National Research Council identifies key questions that will drive scientific research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean over the next 10 to 20 years. The report presents opportunities to be leveraged to sustain and improve the U.S. Antarctic Program of the National Science Foundation (NSF), which holds the primary responsibility for supporting U.S. research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. The report's authoring committee identified key scientific questions that fall within two broad themes: those related to global change, and those related to fundamental discoveries. In addition, the Committee identified several opportunities to broadly advance Antarctic and Southern Ocean research in the process of answering these questions. The development of a large-scale observing network and a new generation of models has the potential to expand scientific understanding and ensure the continuing success of research in the Antarctic region, the report found.

Any feedback would be appreciated! Earlgrey101 (talk) 14:37, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Only cold-adapted organisms survive there,
"Only cold-adapted organisms survive there..." why does't this include humans? Humans survive there too. 203.99.208.4 (talk) 06:35, 19 July 2012 (UTC)


 * Humans do not survive there without lots of specialized equipment and housing. I don't think that counts. Shoe (talk) 21:53, 28 July 2012 (UTC)


 * Even more importantly, what's the point of that statement of the bleeding obvious at all? It's like saying that only organisms adapted to desert environments survive in the Sahara. We should be above than that sort of writing. HiLo48 (talk) 22:07, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

File:Antarctica Without Ice Sheet.png
should be added to Article, but the article on protection Strannik27 (talk) 15:48, 28 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It looks to me like the copyright you asserted when you uploaded the file to Commons is not compatible with the copyright on the original image. It's a tricky question, though -- that's a very unusual copyright. Looie496 (talk) 15:59, 28 October 2012 (UTC)
 * http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Antarctica_Without_Ice_Sheet_png - "Academic and Non-commercial Use. This image may be used freely in any academic work where the author(s) do not receive a fee for their efforts and/or in any non-commercial work, provided that in either case these conditions are met: * You acknowledge the author of this image and Global Warming Art alongside the image. The recommended format is "Image created by Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming Art", but this may be varied to conform with a publication's style. * If and where practical, you also include a link and/or reference to this specific description page: http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/File:Antarctica_Without_Ice_Sheet_png. Such references may appear either alongside the image, or in a separate section where other source material is acknowledged. Qualified academic and non-commercial projects may also be eligible to receive higher resolution and/or vector graphics forms of this image upon request.", "Free Content Use (GFDL / CC-BY-SA). This image (or modified versions of it) may be used in any work where the publication as a whole is released under one of the following free content, copyleft licenses: * The GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2 or Later.* The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License Version 2.5 or Later.Where applicable, these rights include some forms of commercial use; however, the provisions on redistribution are such that these licenses not intended for most commercial projects." Strannik27 (talk) 04:12, 29 October 2012 (UTC)
 * If a person wants to make their own map of an ice free Antarctica, the instructions and a link to the data for doing it with ArcGIS can be found in Spatial Analysis -An Antarctic Example (for ArcGIS 9.x) by Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin.Paul H. (talk) 19:34, 29 October 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 26 January 2013
Under the heading "Research", please make a minor grammatical adjustment to the following sentence:

In September 2006, NASA satellite data showed that the Antarctic ozone hole was the largest on record, covering 27.5 million km2 (10.6 million sq mi).[88]

Please change to:

In September 2006, NASA satellite data revealed that the Antarctic ozone hole was larger than at any other time on record, covering 27.5 million km2 (10.6 million sq mi).[88]

The first sentence is confusing as it gives the impression that the data is measuring more than one ozone hole, rather than subsequent measurements of the same hole.

The suggested word change earlier in the main clause - changing "showed" to "revealed" - is simply stylistic.

Pgo12 (talk) 20:22, 26 January 2013 (UTC)


 * Done. Apcbg (talk) 20:34, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 3 February 2013
Under the heading of History of Exploration is the statement "The first documented landing on mainland Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821, although some historians dispute this claim[citation needed].". This statement has stood 'citation needed' for quite a long time, and personally, I think without some sort of citation or at least elaboration on "some historians dispute this claim", the phrase has no merit and should be taken out, rendering the sentence "The first documented landing on mainland Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821."

I have a problem with "Some X think Y" sentences in general, as I feel they're generally (though I'm not saying this is true in this case) added by fringe wikipedians as a way to give merit to their personal beliefs. I also think, due to the fact that there are billions of people on this earth, the very form of "some X think Y" is a statement that provides no actual information because it is likely to always be true.

To explain, "some historians think the world is flat" is technically a correct statement, in that some people who consider themselves historians stick to this demonstrably false theory (and has its own article, to boot!) but it is hardly relevant to any article that isn't expressly about flat earth theorists, and possibly one about the shape of the earth.

Anyway, yeah, unless someone can find some sort of citation for that phrase I'd like it to be taken out to preserve the factual accuracy and more importantly relevancy of the article.

Insidious611 (talk) 04:07, 4 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Your reasoning sounds compelling, yet it appears there is genuine dispute about this outside Wikipedia. See, for example, this Google Books shot from a book published in 1992.  The current wording is poor, however, and could use amendment and a reference. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 14:18, 4 February 2013 (UTC)


 * The phrase in question is less than justified in my opinion, too. The quoted source does not question the landing event but rather argues that Davis might have been unaware of the actual significance of that event.  But then neither Columbus nor Bellingshausen realized what exactly they had encountered. Apcbg (talk)

Article edit lock?
This article is locked, but there is no explanation on the talk page. Is this just an artifact that should be removed or has there been some vandalism that warrents this edit lock? — SkyLined — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.86.171.158 (talk) 14:22, 27 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Nm. It's semi-protected, so I was able to log in and edit it and when I did I got to see the reason why it is. I thought we used to have templates on the talk page explaining why the page was locked, but I can't seem to find any of them anymore - maybe I am mistaken. — SkyLined (talk) 14:28, 27 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Found them - it seems I overlooked the little lock in the new layout - obviously I haven't edited Wikipedia for a while — SkyLined (talk) 14:37, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Map seems to be a photo
Hi the map of uk Antarctic territory seems to be a photo of a 60s building demolition site — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.172.135.224 (talk) 12:58, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't see any images labelled as maps but showing anything else. Try clearing your cache, and if you still see it, explain more clearly which image has the problem. If you click on the image, which page does it take you to?- gadfium 20:02, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

Change 'Antarctica territories' section
Change the 'unclaimed territory' section inn the Antarctica territory section.

Mercudo (talk) 23:29, 4 November 2013 (UTC)


 * What specifically do you want to be changed there? I don't see anything overtly wrong with it. --Avenue (talk) 00:09, 5 November 2013 (UTC)


 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please make your request in a "change X to Y" format. --Stfg (talk) 10:28, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

Edit request - Ma
This article uses the acronym "Ma." Although listed in an ISO standard, it is not: a) defined as a Wikipedia topic (although Mya and Myr are) b)  used in other places in Wikipedia - for example, the article on the Cambrian period used Mya c) listed in either the OED or the Merriam-Webster dictionary d)  in common use by the average college educated person who did not specialize in geology. e) in the first couple of pages of a Google search

I recommend both switching to Mya, and explaining the acronym at its first usage Aaatwood (talk) 03:39, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Polar explorers
Is there any reason not to name these "three other members" who accomplished as much as Shackleton did in reaching these destinations? It's not we are talking about dozens of people. It seems strange that only one person is noted in what is, by necessity, a group effort. Liz Read! Talk! 16:34, 22 November 2013 (UTC)
 * "Shackleton himself and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 – February 1909..."

Country Label Incorrect - Shows as Zambia, Should be deleted
The country label for this Antarctica page is Zambia which is incorrect. This label should be deleted. Please change from Zambia to nothing.

209.89.226.219 (talk) 16:45, 24 November 2013 (UTC)


 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: there is no mention of Zambia in the text of this page. Where are you seeing it? --Stfg (talk) 18:19, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Etymonline as a source?
Note 1 is sourced to etymonline.com. I don't think this counts as a verifiably reliable source—search Reliable sources/Noticeboard for etymonline, and you will find many editors who think so. Shouldn't this reference be removed?

הסרפד (call me Hasirpad) 17:44, 2 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I think the etymology is pretty cut-and-dried here though. It honestly barely needs a citation. Red Slash 02:31, 4 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The way I read it, Note 1 is simply a note, as in footnote, not a reference. Summerdrought (talk) 04:38, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Metallica
Please, make a reference about the Heavy Metal band Metallica playing a live show at Carlini Station on December 8, 2013. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.251.92.127 (talk) 13:55, 11 December 2013 (UTC)
 * No, seems rather irrelevant here. Perhaps you should add to the band page. Vsmith (talk) 17:20, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Large canyon recently discovered in Antarctica
A new valley was recently discovered in Antarctica, along with many other valleys:

http://www.ibtimes.com/ancient-antarctic-trench-larger-grand-canyon-found-under-miles-ice-discovery-incredibly-exciting http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2014/0115/Deeper-than-the-Grand-Canyon-massive-trench-found-under-Antarctica-s-ice

Link to the peer-reviewed literature where it was first reported: http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/126/1-2/3.abstract — Preceding unsigned comment added by Casforty (talk • contribs) 04:04, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

Population numbers
There are a number of contradictory population claims made in various articles about Antarctica:

-- Beland (talk) 00:42, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
 * The article Chilean Antarctic Territory claims a population of 130, including a permanent civilian settlement, Villa Las Estrellas, population 114. Esperanza Base claims to be the only other civilian settlement in Antarctica.
 * The article Continent lists Villa Las Estrellas as the largest settlement in Antarctica, but lists a population of 0 for the continent.
 * Demographics of Antarctica says there are no indigenous inhabitants, but lists McMurdo Station as the largest settlement (summer population 1200).
 * Colonization of Antarctica claims that no families live permanently on the continent.
 * Research stations in Antarctica has unreferenced population numbers that don't match Demographics of Antarctica.

Bringing this up again. The contractors and scientists in most of the research stations can be considered non-permanent residents, but the Argentine and Chilean civilian bases appear to have actual permanent populations. I will look into this further, but I believe that, at the very least, the civilian population of those bases should be considered as part of the permanent population of Antarctica.Astrofreak92 (talk) 04:24, 24 January 2015 (UTC) 21:30, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

Gabriel de castilla
This articles does not name Gabriel de Castillo, known as the first man to see the continent in 1603 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.33.213.188 (talk) 18:16, 26 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The article on Gabriel de Castilla could use some improvement. See also List_of_Antarctic_expeditions, maybe he wasn't the first? The topic of discovery is more detailed here: History of Antarctica and further history here: Terra Australis Raquel Baranow (talk) 18:29, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 February 2015
Early explorers believed that there was an undiscovered continent in the south of the world In 1773, Captain James Cook was the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle A Russian man, Thaddeus von Bellingshausen, was the first explorer to sight land in Antarctica John Davis was the first person to set foot on Antarctic land The Ross Ice Shelf is named after the explorer James Ross Early travel to Antarctica was dangerous and only possible by ship Ships carry food and other essential supplies to Antarctica An icebreaker is sometimes used to cut a path through sea ice so other ships can pass The ship Aurora Australis is the main link between Australia and Antarctica Aeroplanes are sometimes used to transport people and light goods

Introduction There are many reasons why the early explorers were interested in conquering Antarctica. Most explorers believed that an undiscovered land existed in the southern part of the world. Many people from different countries tried to reach it. In the early years, many countries sent explorers south hoping to discover more about Antarctica. In the 19th century they landed on the continent and began to draw maps and take other records of what Antarctica looked like (see image 1). Explorers reported seeing mountains covered in ice, freezing conditions, a dark winter and howling winds. These explorers reported that the continent of Antarctica was not suitable to grow crops or support human life. The only people who might be able to prosper in the Antarctic region were whalers and sealers. Whalers and sealers came south to search for sea animals that would bring them wealth, as whale and seal blubber could be sold for a high price at the time. The first explorers

In 1519, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailed down past South America and into the Pacific Ocean, in search of the great unknown land in the south.

In 1587, the English explorer Francis Drake also attempted to discover the land at the southern end of the world. His ship was blown off course and Antarctica still lay waiting to be discovered. Captain Cook

On 17 January 1773, Captain James Cook (see image 2) became the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle. He circumnavigated Antarctica, which means he sailed around the entire continent. He did not set eyes on land, but came within about 120 kilometres of the coast. His two ships could not sail any closer to Antarctica because of the thick pack ice that covered the ocean. Cook never saw land, but did see some rocks in icebergs that floated past, so he knew that there was land somewhere. Cook also reported sighting huge seal populations, which interested Britain and America, who wished to hunt those animals. See animation Thaddeus von Bellingshausen

News from Captain Cook's voyage into the Antarctic Circle raised the interest of other explorers. However, it was not until almost 50 years later, that the continent was finally spotted.

In January 1820, the Russian explorer Thaddeus von Bellingshausen was the first person to sight land in Antarctica. He had a bigger, stronger ship than Captain Cook, so he could sail further south. He described the land he saw as a field of ice, covered with small hills. Like Cook, Bellingshausen could see no use for Antarctica, so returned to Russia. See image 3 John Davis

During the 1800s, seal hunters travelled the southern seas. As soon as one colony of seals was killed, the hunters looked for a new ground. The first person to land on Antarctica was an American sealer, looking for new seal colonies.

In January 1821, Captain John Davis of the Cecilia arrived at the South Shetland Islands, off the tip of South America, looking for seals. Davis decided that he needed to go further south to search for new seal territory. On 7 February 1821, Davis landed his boat in the area of Cape Charles and was the first person to set foot on the continent of Antarctica. James Weddell

At about the same time as Bellingshausen sighted Antarctic land, James Weddell, from Scotland, sailed to Antarctica. In 1823 he discovered a sea of ice, which he named after the English King, George IV. This sea was renamed and is now known as the Weddell Sea. The Weddell seals are also named after this explorer. See image 4 Sir James Clark Ross

James Ross made three trips to Antarctica between 1839 and 1843. He used two strengthened wooden ships, the Erebus and the Terror, to assist him in his journeys through the treacherous waters. See image 5

On his first voyage Ross discovered Cape Adare, continued south to McMurdo Bay and then found Ross Island. He also discovered an enormous wall of ice in the Ross Sea, which is now known as the Ross Ice Shelf.

On his second voyage, Ross tried to explore the ice shelf that he had found on his first expedition. He was stopped by terrible weather conditions that forced him to turn back to Tasmania. On his third journey, Ross took a different route, but was unable to go past latitude 71 degrees south.

In the early years, reaching Antarctica was a long and dangerous mission. Ross carried enough food to last for three years, including tinned meat, soups and pickled cabbage. On 7 January 1841 the Erebus and the Terror became trapped in ice. A strong storm cauased huge waves and blocks of ice to crash over the ships. Both ships somehow managed to survive the storm and Ross continued his exploration. Travelling to Antarctica today

Modern-day transport connects Antarctica to the rest of the world. Two hundred years ago, people could only travel to and from Antarctica by ship. The journeys were long, difficult and sometimes disastrous.

These days, specially-designed ships and aircraft are used to transport people and goods to and from Antarctica. Large ships carry essential food and medical supplies to the people who live in Antarctica, and these modern-day methods of transport allow scientists to travel to Antarctica and carry out their research. Sea transport

People and supplies are often carried to Antarctica by ship. Supplies can include anything from fuel, trucks and scientific equipment to toilet paper, medicine and chocolates. Many of the ships have scientific equipment and laboratories on board, which are used to check weather conditions during the journey.

Sometimes, a special ship called an icebreaker is used to cut a path through the thick pack ice which stretches from the ocean to the mainland of Antarctica. Even in the middle of summer, this pack ice can trap ships for weeks. The icebreaker is strong enough to cut a path through the thick pack ice, which allows other ships to pass through.

Since 1990, the Australian ship Aurora Australis has been the main transport link between Australia and Antarctica. The Aurora Australis is a cargo and passenger ship. The 'Aurora' makes about seven journeys to Antarctica each year, carries about 350 passengers per year, and supplies goods and fuel to Antarctica's research stations. When it leaves, the ship takes garbage and other waste away, because the extremely cold conditions make it very difficult for garbage to break down in Antarctica.

These days, Antarctica is a popular tourist destination. Many people want to visit one of the last wilderness areas in the world. Every summer, tourist ships cruise around the coast of Antarctica. Tourists visit Antarctic sites that include research bases, historical sites and penguin colonies. These trips must be carefully organised to make sure that tourists do not damage the fragile ecosystem. Air transport

Aeroplanes are a much faster way of transporting people to and from Antarctica. Aeroplanes can be used to take people to Antarctica and to research stations that have runways. There are 18 runways in Antarctica and some of these are made from hard snow or ice. Some runways are too soft for tyres, so the planes are fitted with skis.

Air transport to Antarctica is not just for scientists and research workers. Tourists can fly over Antarctica in the summer months and view the beautiful scenery below. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.240.204.115 (talk) 05:11, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Castilla sources (removed from article)
A recent edit claimed Spanish explorer Gabriel de Castilla as the discoverer of Antarctica in 1603 and gave four references: They seem rather speculative and this has been discussed before, but I'm leaving this here nonetheless. — tk tk  tk  03:57, 28 May 2015 (UTC)

Need help with national varieties of English
I have a problem with the national variety of English on this page. It is written in American English ("color"), yet uses day-month-year dates. That seems fine in a scientific context, but what about distances? Sometimes the imperial units come first, other times metric units come first. Which style should be adopted for good? --Serpinium (talk) 11:18, 26 October 2015 (UTC)


 * It was predominantly in British English before you changed it and MOS suggests that you don't change one variety for another in the wholesale manner in which in you have done. There is reasonably detailed guidance in WP:MOSNUM for the use of unit order.  If you have a problem with the variety of English make a cogent case for changing it, since as we've seen making the changes as you've done simply creates more work.  WCM email 13:03, 26 October 2015 (UTC)


 * The captions used AmEng ("color") and all the convert templates too (it just didn't show because the author used the wrong parameter "en" instead of "sp"). The order of imperial and metric units was inconsistent as well, so I really don't see how it was "predominantly" British. Really it could be interpreted either way.
 * Seems to me like per MOS, regardless of the national variety we adopt, we should use SI units as primaries and keep the British-style dates. Now we just have to decide whether to use American or British English. Which one do you pick? --Serpinium (talk) 16:49, 26 October 2015 (UTC) --Serpinium (talk) 09:26, 28 October 2015 (UTC)
 * WP:MOSNUM suggests that most units have SI first, a limited number (eg distances) use imperial first. Looking at the article itself its predominantly written in British English so I suggest we retain that.  WCM email 12:28, 28 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Done. --Serpinium (talk) 13:05, 28 October 2015 (UTC)

Music
In 2011 the Australian classical harpist Alice Giles was the first professional musician ever to perform in Antarctica. She developed a multimedia performance "Alice in Antarctica", which was streamed from Mawson Station, and later performed around Australia and internationally.

I'd like to include this information here, but no obvious location suggests itself. Any ideas?

Also, we should make mention of Ralph Vaughan Williams' Sinfonia antartica. --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  21:02, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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"No permanent residents"?
The lede and infobox of this article claim that Antarctica has no permanent residents; however, this is contradicted by the Villa Las Estrellas and Esperanza Base articles, according to which those two settlements have permanent civilian populations of 85 people and 50 people respectively. Therefore, it appears that the claim that Antarctica has no permanent inhabitants is incorrect. Should the article be changed to say that Antarctica has 135 permanent inhabitants (combined totals from the aforementioned villages)? <font color="#D031C0">Chessrat ( talk, contributions ) 09:53, 21 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've had no replies to this in the last month, so will go ahead and change the infobox to show 135 permanent residents. <font style="font-family: Comic Sans"><font color="#CC9900">Chessrat ( talk, <font color="#ff7788">contributions ) 20:28, 23 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I wonder, though. Do any of those 135 people live there permanently? Does anyone ever live their whole life in Antarctica (apart from travel to other parts of the world for business, tourism etc)?  There may be a stable number of 135 people there at any one time, but is even a single one them a permanent resident of the place?  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  23:43, 23 May 2016 (UTC)
 * That's a good question; I'm not sure. The aforementioned articles (Villa Las Estrellas and Esperanza Base) state that the settlements house families, and have facilities such as a school, hospital, post office, scout camp, church, registry office, et cetera. The Spanish Wikipedia has more detail than the English one does on this topic; it says that Esperanza Base has a "Population [of] 66 (including 9 families with 16 children) (October 2010 census) in winter, 142 in summer"; it also says there are two teachers in the village school. I can't find any information on whether anyone has spent most of their life in Antarctica, but it certainly seems like there are some permanent residents there. Although it would be good to have more information on this topic. <font style="font-family: Comic Sans"><font color="#CC9900">Chessrat ( talk, <font color="#ff7788">contributions ) 18:52, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 May 2016
In the first paragraph under the heading "Geography," In the sentence, "It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi),[1] making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe." please change the first "It" to "Antarctica".

Because the preceding sentence discusses lake Vostok, "it" here is confusing, as it leads the reader to believe the lake is still being talked about.

64.154.62.10 (talk) 15:28, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
 * ✅, I changed it for now, but I am sure the paragraph could be reworded or sentences switched around. Sir Joseph <sup style="color:green;">(talk) 15:52, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

Demonym?
Seriously? Is there a demonym for someone from Antarctica? A continent that has no permanent population, and those temporary living there are from different ethnic/national backgrounds and obviously don't constitute a single community or nation. Even the Vatican City - a sovereign country, appears to have no demonym. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.126.132.56 (talk) 18:36, 15 November 2013 (UTC)


 * I'm attempting to fix this. Gringo300 (talk) 09:47, 4 August 2016 (UTC)

Antarctica on older maps
When was Antarctica discovered again? I can clearly see Antarctica on this 1562 map below:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C_the_Americas%2C_1562.jpg/1024px-Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C_the_Americas%2C_1562.jpg — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.100.58.228 (talk) 14:05, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

That shows a greatly expanded Tierra del Fuego (as you can see, it's to the south of the Straits of Magellan), not Antarctica Debbiesw (talk) 17:30, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

Minor mistake
The parenthesis after the very first word of the article is never closed. 79.178.130.80 (talk) 14:34, 8 October 2016 (UTC)


 * Fixed, thank you for pointing this out. GermanJoe (talk) 14:40, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 November 2016
In the Geography section, in the 2nd sentence in the first paragraph the a in Antarctica is not capitalized.

Coda The Portalmaster And Stealer Of Souls 15:20, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done  JTP ( talk • contribs) 15:33, 7 November 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 November 2016
Hello Editor!

A citation on this page has move domains, we would appreciate updating the new URL as Google advises to do so when changing domains. You can check the original redirects correctly to the new domain.

http://ecolocalizer.com/2008/12/14/the-coldest-inhabited-places-on-earth/

Move to:

https://www.expertsure.com/2008/12/14/the-coldest-inhabited-places-on-earth/

Here is the exact code to update:

Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 C at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983.

Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 C at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983.

Many thanks! Expertsure (talk) 07:39, 21 November 2016 (UTC)


 * Pictogram voting comment.svg Note: Request was made from a banned or blocked user. Not processed. -- <b style="color:blue">Dane 2007 </b> <font color="#00AC1D">talk  05:19, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

Flag?
Shouldn't Antarctica's flag be in this article? It's pretty important in my opinion, in fact, important enough to be in the infobox at the top. Surprised that it wasn't even in the article. 1618033golden (talk) 20:37, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Antarctica is not a political entity, has no governing body, and therefore has no flag. CMD (talk) 01:43, 9 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 January 2017
While it is not recognized by any other nation, a micronation called Westarctica claims Marie Byrd's Land as a non-profit organization. Below is a direct quote from their website: "Westarctica was founded on November 2nd, 2001 as a new country project by Travis McHenry in an effort to bring increased attention (albeit by theatrical means) to one of the most desolate and inhospitable regions on the planet. Over the years, Westarctica's prestige and notoriety ebbed and flowed, especially during 2006 - 2010 when Travis took a leave of absence from his position as chief executive."

Source: HaecNuces (talk) 21:33, 10 January 2017 (UTC)


 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Sir Joseph <sup style="color:green;">(talk) 21:39, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 January 2017
Antarctica is now called the Southern Ocean 216.26.207.12 (talk) 20:58, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Sir Joseph <sup style="color:green;">(talk) 21:01, 12 January 2017 (UTC)

Depositional temperature for CO2 snow corrected from -150 C to -140 C
I've just added a cite and corrected the figure from -150 to -140 C. The previous figure didn't have a cite, so I'm assuming this is an uncontroversial edit and probably just a typo, so went ahead and corrected it following WP:BOLD. Robert Walker (talk) 13:42, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 March 2017
Antarctica is a country. Graham Rogers (talk) 02:15, 10 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. - Mlpearc  ( open channel ) 02:17, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 March 2017
up to 5,000 temporary residents during the summers 1,000 or less temporary residents during the winters UnturnedFighter (talk) 20:06, 22 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. - Mlpearc  ( open channel ) 20:13, 22 March 2017 (UTC)

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 * Added archive http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040626080052/http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/datesoct.htm to http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/datesoct.htm
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060207003148/http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/science/index.shtml to http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/science/index.shtml

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Semi-protected edit request on 7 June 2017
The "Hole in the ozone layer" should also include the statement that, before 1985, we did not have the capability to detect if it was there at all. The hole could very well have been there since the dawn of history, only we recently developed the technology to detect it in the first place. Many assumptions taking place in this "protected" article about false political and environmental narratives. 50.73.13.177 (talk) 13:39, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * We would ask you to produce a reliable source for that. Britmax (talk) 13:47, 7 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Izno (talk) 13:50, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

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Undiscovered riches of this continent
It might be worth adding that Antarctica is actually quite possibly rich in many resources.The current article states not many are to be found, but this is solely due to lack of exploration. This report might be of use --MyMoloboaccount (talk) 22:25, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 September 2018
Archeo-seas (talk) 18:47, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

Archeo-seas (talk) 18:47, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

It was finally in the 19th century that the Antarctic continent was officially discovered. This discovery was made by British master mariner captain William Smith aboard his ship the 'Williams of Blyth' on February 19, 1819, the day he reported seeing land south of 62º. As he was not believed by the British consul Commander Shirreff to whom he announced the news when he arrived in Valparaiso (Chile), he returned there on 15 October 1819 to provide evidence of his discovery. He named the string of islands he was sailing along "South Shetland". He took possession of them on behalf of King George III of England on 17 October after landing in one of his bays. On this occasion, however, he discovered the remains of a Spanish warship, the San Telmo, which had disappeared during a storm as it passed Cape Horn a month and a half earlier. This fact is reported in the memoirs of Captain Robert Fildes, a friend of W. Smith to whom he had told the episode


 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 19:00, 28 September 2018 (UTC)


 * Actually, it seems more like wp:notaforum, but I don't know the article subject well enough. Please remove if this is correct. -  FlightTime  ( open channel ) 19:02, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

Measurements?
Where are all the measurements, such as distance around (or circumference), distance across (or diameter), or whatever? Misty MH (talk) 11:23, 10 October 2018 (UTC)


 * Distance around is problematic. See Coastline paradox. Other dimensions could reasonably be provided. Maybe a little research is needed. HiLo48 (talk) 00:27, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

UK Antarctic survey vessel
I'm new to this, but I wish to point out that HMS Endurance (with pic and link from main article as of today, 1st Sep 2012), went out of service in 2008, following a flooding incident. Replacement is HMS Protector (source - http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Patrol-and-Minehunters/Ice-Patrol-and-Survey-Ships/HMS-Protector) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.193.174.145 (talk) 12:38, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

New World Record for Coldest Surface Temperature
A satellite measured a surface temperature of -135.8°F (-93.2°C) in Antarctica at 81.8° S, 59.3° E on 2010-08-10. However, this can not be compared with the world's coldest air temperature of -89.2°C (-128.6°F) at Stántsiya Vostók, Antarctica on 1983-07-21 01:45 UTC. Air temperature is normally measured several feet off the ground, which makes the satellite measurement a luminance temperature rather than an air temperature.

The -135.8°F (-93.2°C) temperature measured by satellite should be added to this article as the world's coldest luminance temperature. It should also be stated that this is a preliminary figure. This figure should be updated if it gets changed.

Here's a BBC article about the event: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25287806

Here's a Wunderground article about the event: http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=223

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Appple (talk • contribs) 19:14, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Ranking
There are only 7 continents on this planet at most. How useful is it to keep saying that Antarctica is "the 5th largest"? Is Australia the 6th largest? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.124.116.101 (talk) 20:45, 2 December 2018 (UTC)
 * It shouldn't be stated redundantly, but it most certainly needs to be noted at least once.104.169.43.46 (talk) 22:57, 25 January 2019 (UTC)

Driest continent listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Driest continent. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Goveganfortheanimals (talk) 16:27, 8 April 2019 (UTC)

Music Of Antarctica
hello i am looking for music of antarctica if anyone know any info or knowledge about music of this place then please help this article and add it,thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.62.74.146 (talk) 15:52, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Portal:Antarctica for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether Portal:Antarctica is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The page will be discussed at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Antarctica until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America1000 01:19, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

Featured Article
Without a single picture. 108.200.234.93 (talk) 20:16, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 February 2020
Citation 5 to "Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica" is incorrect in four ways; (i) the author is not "British Antarctic Survey" but "P. Fretwell et al."; (ii) the name of the journal is "The Cryosphere" and not "The Cryosphere Journal"; (iii) the page number is not "390" but rather "375-393"; (iv) add the volume number, which is "7". For confirmation please look at https://www.the-cryosphere.net/ and https://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/375/2013/tc-7-375-2013.pdf Backwatering (talk) 20:30, 21 February 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Altamel (talk) 06:02, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Missing resources
This article seems to be missing some resources in the Etymology, Geography, and Meteorites. The article is also fighting with itself on certain facts: the leading paragraph claims the ice cap "averages 1.9 km in thickness"(should be 1937m including ice shelves and 2126m without according to the associated pdf publication), and "80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there". Later on, in the Geography section, it says "averaging at least 1.6 km thick" (citation from "how stuff works" said 2.1km, which is NOT an RS) and "about 70% of the world's freshwater". These are probably obsolete data from 15 years ago. The lowest temperature recorded is also 144F right now, I think. I don't see why this is still an FA tbh. --173.75.41.7 (talk) 05:53, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 April 2020
Please change "enough to raise global sea levels by about 60 m (100 ft) if all of it were to melt.[7]" to "enough to raise global sea levels by about 60 m (200 ft) if all of it were to melt.[7]" because that is a conversion error as 60m is 196.85 ft not 100ft. I confirmed the 60m measurement is correct, so it is not an error on the number of meters just the conversion. Anthonyrolandb (talk) 15:32, 25 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done using Template:convert. Thanks!  GoingBatty (talk) 15:39, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 June 2020
I suggest adding some short information about Emil Racoviță ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Racoviță ) as he was the first biologist in the world to study the arctic life. He was a biologist, zoologist, speleologist, and important explorer of Antarctica. He arrived to Antarctica aboard the Belgica ship. This information could be added at the "History of Exploration" section.

I would edit it myself but I do not yet meet the criteria to be able to edit protected articles. Thanks. JohnHawan89 (talk) 11:33, 13 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Could you point to any general books about Antartica that mention Racoviță and his contributions? I notice that his article has very few sources. – Thjarkur (talk) 11:43, 13 June 2020 (UTC)

FA review needed
This article is badly in need of a featured article review: I may be tempted to update and rewrite the sections pertaining to climate change. Femke Nijsse (talk) 09:34, 21 November 2020 (UTC)
 * the article contains many uncited paragraphs
 * the article contains trivia: for instance the year the father of the first child born near Antarctica against British citizenship
 * the article is in need of updating. Specifically, all the sections to do with climate change and the ozone hole need updating. Last years IPCC report about climate change in polar regions is not cited once
 * The science of different papers need to be integrated. Instead, there is prose like "A single 2015 study by H. Jay Zwally et al."

Potential Featured article review due to problems
This is a featured article with multiple citation needed-tags. I have also seen some completely unreferenced paragraphs. If this issue is not addressed then I will have to nominate this for a review. Wretchskull (talk) 21:00, 4 February 2021 (UTC)


 * Hello Wretchskull; see my message above :). Significant work started on January 21 by multiple editors. Femke Nijsse (talk) 08:19, 5 February 2021 (UTC)


 * How is this progressing? The lead could use some reduction in jargon, and seems to contain an unnecessary level of detail, but perhaps work has not yet progressed to that point.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  20:32, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm mostly done with the environmental aspects.
 * Devonian Wombat has improved many citations and content around geology.
 * I've asked a friend of a friend (whose done research on Antarctica!) to comment on other aspects of the article.
 * The biodiversity sector probably needs somebody versed in biology / somebody with a good book about the topic, and hasn't been looked at.
 * I'm planning to delve a bit more into the astrophysics research done in Antarctica, but don't have it very high on my priority list currently.
 * I've removed a bit of jargon in the last paragraph, but I'm probably blind to other jargon.. We're nearing the point where the lede should be tackled, but not quite there yet. Who do you think could help with the biodiversity? FemkeMilene (talk) 20:54, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * would that be in the territory of ? If not, they may know someone else who might help ... Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  21:11, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I think the field of geology and geography could be 's expertise? FunkMonk (talk) 21:48, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Femke was asking specifically about the biodiversity section ... which is about plants and animals ... you and ? Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  22:43, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok, I didn't see a reference to that in the comment that pinged me, so I thought it was about the article in general. I'll give the section a read. FunkMonk (talk) 23:05, 26 February 2021 (UTC)
 * The only thing I notice is that the article singles out Alexander Island in its volcanoes discussion and I don't think it should. Marie Byrd Land, Victoria Land and some other parts are these where post-glacial volcanism is noted. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 14:07, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Throwing a reference into the ring
I'm not following this up. Do as you will. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article659215 jayoval (talk) 06:02, 17 December 2020 (UTC)

Meteorites
I'm wondering whether the meteorite section should be incorporated into geology completely? I think the research section should only be about research stations, and what types of topics are interesting to be studied from an article. The results of studies into Antarctica should be in their respective sections. I'm not sure whether these meteorites are all due in this article.. Femke Nijsse (talk) 19:55, 4 February 2021 (UTC)


 * what do you think? Femke Nijsse (talk) 07:57, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree, the information in that section does seem more suited to the Geology section than the research one. Devonian Wombat (talk) 08:26, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

Sea level rise
According to http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/question/ice-antarctica-melt-much-global-sea-level-rise-quickly-likely-happen/ global sea levels would rise 63 meters if all Antarctic ice melted, 60 meters being from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Also, on https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/11/map-sea-level-rise-probably-wrong-its-too-optimistic/354766/ has three other figures, which are all different. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.64.101.203 (talk) 21:36, 4 February 2021 (UTC)


 * I'm not sure which of these numbers is most accurate.. might depend on how much thermal expansion takes place. I'll have another look! Thanks for bringing it up. Femke Nijsse (talk) 21:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've had another look. A 2020 paper in science gives it at 52.2 for East Antarctica, and 5.3 for West Antarctica based on another 2020 study. That study indicates it's 57.9 +/- 0.9, and indicates that this estimate is consistent with another recent estimate of 58.3. I'll update it in the text with that second reference. FemkeMilene (talk) 15:16, 21 February 2021 (UTC)

Funk's look at biodiversity

 * "The terrestrial and native year-round species appear to be the descendants of ancestors who lived in geothermally warmed environments during the last ice age, when these areas were the only places on the continent not covered by ice.[136]" This could be elaborated on. How is it known?
 * "also include certain dung-inhabiting species" That live in the dung of what species?
 * The following information is only found in an image caption, but should be covered in the article body as well, with sources: "The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary is an area of 50 million square kilometres around Antarctica where the International Whaling Commission has banned commercial whaling."
 * "The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing, with estimates of 32,000 tonnes (35,000 short tons) in 2000.[155][156][needs update]" As indicated by the tag, while this is written as if about something ongoing, but the source is from 2011, so what's the situation now?
 * "Few terrestrial vertebrates live in Antarctica, and those that do are limited to the sub-Antarctic islands.[137] Invertebrate life includes microscopic mites like the Alaskozetes antarcticus, lice, nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, krill and springtails. The flightless midge Belgica antarctica, up to 6 mm (1⁄4 in) in size, is the largest purely terrestrial animal in Antarctica.[138] Another member of Chironomidae is Parochlus steinenii.[139] The snow petrel is one of only three birds that breed exclusively in Antarctica.[140]" Very odd structure. First it talks about vertebrates, then invertebrates, then vertebrates again. Could be grouped better.
 * Improved structure. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)


 * "Another member of Chironomidae is Parochlus steinenii." Why another, what member was mentioned before this point?
 * Changed. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)


 * "The southern rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes." Info about other species is relevant to and puts it into the context of Antarctica. What exactly does this info has to do with that?
 * Removed. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)


 * " Antarctic krill, which congregate in large schools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds.[143][better source needed]" This should be grouped with the info about other invertebrates. And of course, there's the source tag.
 * Regrouped, but still needs better source. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)


 * One of the more unusual Antarctic animals is the large predatory leopard sealm which I'd expect a mention of here in more than just a side remark in relation to krill.
 * Added a mention. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)


 * As may have been noted above, the article has a lot of duplinks.
 * Will you have time/enthusiasm to tackle this? Very much not my expertise unfortunately. FemkeMilene (talk) 15:21, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I can try to do some of the more cosmetic fixes, but I'm not sure about the more in depth stuff requiring relevant sources. FunkMonk (talk) 15:30, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I've fixed the things that could be done without going too much into new sources. FunkMonk (talk) 19:34, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 June 2021
In beginning of 3rd paragraph, reference to Russian expedition should link to the below:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Russian_Antarctic_Expedition 2600:1700:20:1790:8C98:C7FC:A540:5189 (talk) 02:57, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. CMD (talk) 05:55, 9 June 2021 (UTC)

Guardian: New Zealand’s Māori may have been first to discover Antarctica, study suggests
Does any new information need to be added to the section which talks about Māori discovery of Antarctica based on this new study?


 * https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/11/new-zealands-maori-may-have-been-first-to-discover-antarctica-study-suggests

Thanks John Cummings (talk) 11:13, 11 June 2021 (UTC)


 * Did you have anything in mind? I haven't yet read the sources fully but the short paragraph in the article appears to summarise the situation well. The only thing I would question is the claim that this supposed 7th century visit was made by Maori. I am no expert on this, but I think it would be more accurate to describe Ui-te-Rangiora as a Polynesian rather than Maori. I realise the title of the Otago paper uses Maori discovery but the wiki link just given refers to a Polynesian from Raratonga (centuries before the usually accepted time when NZ was settled by Polynesians who then became known as Maori). Being part of Maori oral tradition does not mean the alleged discovery was by Maori people. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 21:28, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

Etymology
Regarding the passage: "The name Antarctica is the romanised version of the Greek compound word ἀνταρκτική (antarktiké), feminine of ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós),[10] meaning "opposite to the Arctic", "opposite to the north".[11][12]"

The link given to the section regarding the name (https://nettarkiv.npolar.no/sorpolen2011.npolar.no/en/did-you-know/2011-10-25-antarctic-anti-arctic.html) clearly states that the etymology is "the opposite of the land of the bear", referring to the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major (not polar bears).

Not "opposite to the north". That'd be "Antiboreal". 24.190.31.109 (talk) 03:24, 15 July 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 August 2021
Remove “polar” from polar desert 2600:1006:B150:AC31:75F8:BD7E:FFD7:AEB3 (talk) 22:28, 19 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Hello IP user, and thank you for your interest in contributing to Wikipedia! It would seem the term and associated page "polar desert" is a more accurate portrayal of the regions in Antarctica than simply "desert", which has the connotation of being sandy and hot. For this reason, I've not performed this request. Cheers! — Sirdog (talk) 22:42, 19 August 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 September 2021
Adimumba (talk) 06:35, 2 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Please specify what change you are requesting be made. CMD (talk) 06:55, 2 September 2021 (UTC)

Another Semi-protected Edit Request (minor edit)
In the "History of Exploration" section, 5th paragraph, this sentence seems to be missing a word:

In 1775, Cook called the existence a polar continent "probable" ....

I believe it should read "... existence *of* a polar ..."

Best Regards, Eclecticist32


 * ✅ (CC) Tb hotch ™ 01:50, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

climate facts are confusing
Climate section says highest temperature recorded was in 1982 (19.8C) yet in climate change section there are two direct contradictions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:3D08:2D7D:A980:4997:16B4:5A58:E51C (talk) 18:53, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I dug into the source and made a correction. According to the source the 1982 high was in Signey Island, considered Antarctica, but NOT "continental and surrounding islands" Antarctica. In the Climate Change section, it refers specifically to "continental" Antarctica. It's a weird distinction and maybe someone else could do a better job here. Pyrrho the Skeptic (talk) 19:09, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 December 2021
"The first women to set foot on Antarctica were Caroline Mikkelsen, who landed on an island of Antarctica in 1935,[47] and Ingrid Christensen who stepped onto the mainland in 1937" is probably contradicted by "The oldest known human remains in Antarctica was a skull that belonged to a young woman on Yamana Beach at the South Shetland Islands, which dates back to 1819 to 1825, who was likely part of a sealing expedition. She was found in 1985." , unless there were strong indications from the obduction that the body washed up on the beach. The fact that Ingred Christensen stepped the mainland first seems to hold up, but the rest of the paragraf should be removed imao. 2A02:908:675:9020:A01B:283C:AD2F:10B0 (talk) 20:54, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe just "The first known women". (CC) Tb hotch ™ 21:24, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Or "the first confirmed evidence of..." Pyrrho the Skeptic (talk) 22:05, 17 December 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅ I've reworded here. Thanks IP! --Hemantha (talk)

Demonym
Here, it says the demonym is "Antarctic", but on the Demonym Wikipedia page, it is "Antarcticans". Awesomecat713 (talk) 03:11, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

Featured article review needed
An “FA review needed” notice from 21 November 2020 was archived without resolution that I can decipher. I inquired about the status in February. At WP:URFA/2020, the status has been marked as “Working” since February. what is the status of the issues raised last November? Sandy Georgia (Talk)  09:16, 29 November 2021 (UTC)
 * There is MOS:SANDWICH
 * user:Evad37/duplinks-alt reveals considerable duplicate wikilinks, but I imagine many of those can be justified in a dense technical article (they should be checked)
 * What is this source (incomplete)? "Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques" (in French). Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4.
 * MOS:CURRENT, but cited to 2011 (There is no current economic activity in Antarctica outside of fishing off the coast and small-scale tourism.[1])
 * Why report this data from 14 years ago (unclear)? A total of 37,506 tourists visited during the 2006–07 Austral summer with nearly all of them coming from commercial ships; … Also, “a total of” is redundant … During the 2006–2007 Austral summer, 37,506 tourists visited Antarctica, with nearly all of the coming from …
 * Also cited to 2011 … anything newer? About 30 countries maintain about 70 research stations (40 year-round or permanent, and 30 summer-only) in Antarctica, with an approximate population of 4,000 in summer and 1,000 in winter.[1]
 * There are tags (The illegal fishing of toothfish has been increasing, with estimates of 32,000 tonnes (35,000 short tons) in 2000.[172][173][needs update])
 * Department of Redundancy Department … In 2007, the Polar Geospatial Center was founded. The Polar Geospatial Center uses geospatial and remote sensing technology to provide …
 * A copyedit, WP:MOSNUM review, and check that all information is current is needed.
 * Et al. Is it really necessary to chunk up the text with 60authors (120 parameters when counting first and last), and then display only five of them? That is quite a mess to work around in edit mode, and I wonder why et al can’t be used to just chop them to five.
 * These are just some samples from a quick look. After all the work done, is anyone able to bring this article over the line, or shall it go to FAR?
 * My assessment was here: Still some issues that have not been dealt with, and I don't have the time to fix them myself. FunkMonk (talk) 10:51, 29 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I am not sure if I can do much work here, but one thing I notice from the 2011 source is that the source itself does not seem to say that it's from 2011. Jo-Jo Eumerus (talk) 10:52, 29 November 2021 (UTC)


 * I was planning to do some more work here, but with reduced energy due to long covid and other onwiki priorities, I wouldn't be surprised if that'll take another year. Won't be able to bring it back to FA level alone. Femke (talk) 12:06, 29 November 2021 (UTC)
 * would you prefer I not initiate the FAR? Sometimes that gets things moving, Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  20:00, 2 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Don't wait for me, I have no idea how long I'll be recovering. With me editing 'parttime' compared to normal, this is very low priority. Would be great if somebody else takes over. Femke (talk) 20:36, 2 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I would start a FAR because then an editor might come forward - but I am not intending to improve the article and the FAR document says "Nominators are strongly encouraged to assist in the process of improvement". I cannot really see any disadvantage of starting a FAR. Chidgk1 (talk) 16:50, 8 January 2022 (UTC)
 * with the one-article-per-week limit, it could be a long time before this article is sent to FAR. If you are able to complete the notifications and do some follow-through as the FAR processes (things like pinging people for feedback, responding to what has been addressed and what has not, entering declarations and the like), that is sufficient per the "strongly encouraged". Sandy Georgia  (Talk)  16:56, 8 January 2022 (UTC)

In case anyone reading this did not notice the link to the review is at the top of this talk page. Chidgk1 (talk) 17:21, 13 January 2022 (UTC)

Sources on the representation of Antarctica in popular culture
I've noticed that the article lacks any representation of Antarctica's depiction in popular culture, so I've gathered together some scholarly sources that might be used to write such a section. Devonian Wombat (talk) 07:26, 15 January 2022 (UTC)




 * In popular culture sections are uniformly terrible, and I see no reason to burden this article with one when we don't for any other continent. That said Antarctica in fiction seems like a perfectly valid article topic. Hemiauchenia (talk) 07:37, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

Why does this article make no mention of the Māori/Polynesians?
It's been pretty well-known for a while now that white people/Europeans were not the first to discover Antarctica. The Māori have oral history describing the discovery of a land filled with snow and massive mountains of ice. There is even an article on Wikipedia describing the man who is said to have done it - so why is there not a single mention of this in this article? Even if it's not totally verifiable, it's still pertinent information. FailSandwich (talk) 07:07, 16 January 2022 (UTC)


 * If you can find a reliable source, feel free to add it! Wikipedia is the free encyclopedia, after all. See also: WP:BOLD.  xRENEGADEx  ( talk &#124;  contribs ) 07:16, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
 * You can also add your comments here, as the article is currently undergoing a featured article review (FAR).  xRENEGADEx  ( talk &#124;  contribs ) 07:18, 16 January 2022 (UTC)


 * This is information totally new to me, but it certainly sounds like something to add, so long as we use reliable sourcing. Just did some Googling, and found these...


 * https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/10/australia/new-zealand-maori-antarctica-intl-hnk-scn/index.html


 * https://strangesounds.org/2021/06/polynesians-maori-discovered-antarctica-over-1300-years-ago.html


 * I'm sure there are many more. What do you think? If nobody else rushes into it, I'll have a go at adding something myself soon. HiLo48 (talk) 07:23, 16 January 2022 (UTC)


 * Because the claims are unproven and extremely speculative, and are not prominent enough in the literature surrounding the discovery of Antarctica to warrant inclusion. This was extensively discussed at Fringe_theories/Noticeboard/Archive_82 with a consensus to exclude. The claims are entirely based on vague lines in oral tradition that could easily refer to other things. Citing newspapers that uncritically repeat the conclusions of controversial studies makes me want to gouge by eyes out. Hemiauchenia (talk) 07:52, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 February 2022
Add Kerguelen Islands as a country/region of Antarctica similar to all other continents KHill40 (talk) 10:26, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm unsure exactly what you're asking for here, but I do note that the article does not mention Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands, which seems a hole. CMD (talk) 10:59, 9 February 2022 (UTC)

Use of Ma
I'd say it's too jargonny. Femke (talk) 20:44, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * As long as it's explained in the first use like "million years ago (Ma)", then I think it's fine. Hemiauchenia (talk) 20:47, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, let's keep the Mas in. If you could spot where I accidently didn't put a space before Ma a few times, I'd be grateful. Amitchell125 (talk) 21:06, 10 February 2022 (UTC)

Wrong extreme temperature
At the bottom of the geography section it says "It is one of the world's coldest and driest places—temperatures there can reach 90 °C (194 °F), and annual precipitation is 1–3 centimetres (0.39–1.18 in)." There's a clear error in the sign of the temperature and no way Antartica's ever been near boiling point. Could someone fix this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.240.52.25 (talk) 11:21, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorted, thanks. Amitchell125 (talk) 11:32, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 March 2022
"Nimrod Expeditionin..." --> change to --> "Nimrod Expedition in..." Shamrezali (talk) 16:34, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thanks. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 17:27, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2022
I'd like to add this to "external links". United States Postal Service's Southernmost Branch at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station MagicMountainMike (talk) 22:27, 27 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. I don't think this will contribute to the understanding of the topic. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 23:12, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose merging Antarctic into Antarctica. I think the content in Antarctic can easily be explained in the context of Antarctica, and a merger would not cause any article-size or weighting problems in Antarctica.Chidgk1 (talk) 09:35, 7 May 2022 (UTC)


 * Previous discussions of the topic are here and here. I'm not quite sure, but leaning against a merge. On the one hand, there is quite some overlap, and a large quality disparity. On the other hand, sources do distinguish the two quite consistently. There is much more overlap between Antarctica/Antarctic then Greenland/Arctic, but it may still be an interesting comparison. I may be biased by my background in climate, where the most important aspect of Antarctica and Greenland are its ice sheets: the surrounding islands don't really matter for that.
 * If we merge, would a properly balanced article about the Antarctic not need talk a lot about the Southern Ocean? If so, the overlap may be "as little" as 60%, where my personal cut-off for merging two similar topics would be around 70%. Femke (talk) 10:09, 7 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose In my experience if entities are separate keep them separate. Otherwise both entities are described in a way that tries to make them the same: we will end up with a misleading fudged article. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 22:44, 7 May 2022 (UTC)


 * Oppose Per previous discussions referred to above. Apcbg (talk) 19:18, 9 May 2022 (UTC)Southern Ocean.


 * There's nothing to merge here, Antarctic is a mish-mash of random topics with no coherence. I'm not seeing the separate entity that it apparently covers, given it's just a poorer version of this article. I suppose it could also fork from the better Southern Ocean, but not sure it forking from two articles is better than it forking from one. CMD (talk) 23:15, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't understand - if you want to delete it please can you formally propose deletion at that article Chidgk1 (talk) 13:45, 10 May 2022 (UTC)


 * Oppose I'm not sure how to merge the two articles, mainly because it's not clear to me what the purpose of the Antarctic article is. It really just needs to be deleted, I think, while any useful remaining information rescued into its respective appropriate articles. <b style="background:#5BCEFA">Un</b><b style="background:#F5A9B8">titl</b><b style="background:#FFF">ed</b><b style="background:#F5A9B8">.do</b><b style="background:#5BCEFA">cx</b> (she/her) 🗩 13:12, 10 May 2022 (UTC)
 * So if you think that please can you formally propose deletion at that article Chidgk1 (talk) 13:43, 10 May 2022 (UTC)

Should there be a FAQ?
For example about Antarctic/Antarctica, Maori/Polynesians? Chidgk1 (talk) 18:21, 28 May 2022 (UTC)

Description on image
on the third image, under the section "Etymology", the description reads "A speculative representation of Antarctica labelled as 'Terra Australis Incognito' on Jan Janssonius's Zeekaart van het Zuidpoolgebied (1657), Het Scheepvaartmuseum". It should be "Incognita" since Terra is femenine.

Regards 186.67.60.122 (talk) 20:50, 1 June 2022 (UTC)


 * (CC) Tb hotch ™ 16:41, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

Visitation
Nobody is allowed in Antarctica except government researcher’s so there is actually no real population here. 2600:8805:172B:2A00:EC75:938E:BF87:A193 (talk) 20:04, 26 July 2022 (UTC)
 * The word "seasonal" in the infobox makes that pretty clear. OhNo itsJamie Talk 20:15, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

Is there a project to avoid duplicate names for Glaciers located in Antarctica?
Shanklin Glacier, one for Johnathan Shanklin and one for David Shanklin. 71.210.55.238 (talk) 21:35, 27 August 2022 (UTC)

Content copied from History of Antarctica
Janitoalevic (talk) 17:29, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 December 2022
change "The British naval officer John Clark Ross failed to realise" to "The British naval officer James Clark Ross failed to realise" Arctonauts (talk) 19:22, 4 December 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Goldsztajn (talk) 12:13, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

Flat Earth and the "Great Ice Wall"
Hi This is the first time I've done this so I hope I'm doing it right.... My primary reason to read this topic was to read a bit about how the idea of a flat earth fits in with all the other info regarding the physical properties of Antarctica as stated. Has anyone thought of including some of this? I'm not a proponent of a flat earth myself. Cheers! Homerx007x (talk) 11:24, 24 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Such info would be irrelevant here, but might fit in an article about the Modern flat Earth beliefs or Myth of the flat Earth.--Vsmith (talk) 11:52, 24 December 2022 (UTC)
 * @Vsmith ok that does make sense. Thank you Homerx007x (talk) 11:59, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

Antarctica without ice
We have satellite maps of Antarctica without ice. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet seems to be collapsing into huge ice blocks perhaps as much as 50 km "inland" (but there is no land at all) from Pine Island Bay. Relatively warm seawater is underrunning this area of ice. Perhaps we need to publish this new government mapping of sea-level Antarctica without ice, with all of its vast fjords and islands, so that readers can understand all of the places that such seawater underrunning, subsequent ice sheet collapse and changing geography might be taking place today or within 20 years. Paul Klinkman (talk) 18:33, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 January 2023
Demonyms Antarctic, Antarctican 122.62.231.49 (talk) 08:25, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: There isn't much of a population for a demonym to apply to. CMD (talk) 09:27, 15 January 2023 (UTC)