List of state leaders in 2023

Africa

 * 🇩🇿 Algeria
 * President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President of Algeria (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Aymen Benabderrahmane, Prime Minister of Algeria (2021–2023)
 * Nadir Larbaoui, Prime Minister of Algeria (2023–present)
 * 🇦🇴 Angola
 * President – João Lourenço, President of Angola (2017–present)
 * 🇧🇯 Benin
 * President – Patrice Talon, President of Benin (2016–present)
 * 🇧🇼 Botswana
 * President – Mokgweetsi Masisi, President of Botswana (2018–present)
 * 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso
 * Junta Leader – Ibrahim Traoré, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022–present)
 * President – Ibrahim Traoré, Interim President of Burkina Faso (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2022–present)
 * 🇧🇮 Burundi
 * President – Évariste Ndayishimiye, President of Burundi (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Gervais Ndirakobuca, Prime Minister of Burundi (2022–present)
 * 🇨🇲 Cameroon
 * President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
 * Prime Minister – Joseph Ngute, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2019–present)
 * 🇨🇻 Cape Verde
 * President – José Maria Neves, President of Cape Verde (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ulisses Correia e Silva, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2016–present)
 * 🇨🇫 Central African Republic
 * President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President of the Central African Republic (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Félix Moloua, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2022–present)
 * 🇹🇩 Chad
 * President – Mahamat Déby, Transitional President of Chad (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Saleh Kebzabo, Prime Minister of Chad (2022–2024)
 * 🇰🇲 Comoros
 * President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2016–present)
 *  Republic of the Congo
 * President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
 * Prime Minister – Anatole Collinet Makosso, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (2021–present)
 *  Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * President – Félix Tshisekedi, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sama Lukonde, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021–2024)
 * 🇩🇯 Djibouti
 * President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2013–present)
 * 🇪🇬 Egypt
 * President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President of Egypt (2014–present)
 * Prime Minister – Moustafa Madbouly, Prime Minister of Egypt (2018–present)
 * 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea
 * President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2016–2023)
 * Manuela Roka Botey, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2023–present)
 * 🇪🇷 Eritrea
 * President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)
 *  Eswatini
 * Monarch – Mswati III, King of Eswatini (1986–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Cleopas Dlamini, Prime Minister of Eswatini (2021–2023)
 * Mgwagwa Gamedze, Prime Minister of Eswatini (2023)
 * Russell Dlamini, Prime Minister of Eswatini (2023–present)
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia
 * President – Sahle-Work Zewde, President of Ethiopia (2018–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (2018–present)
 * 🇬🇦 Gabon
 * Junta Leader – Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions (2023–present)
 * President –
 * Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of Gabon (2009–2023)
 * Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, Transitional President of Gabon (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Rose Christiane Raponda, Prime Minister of Gabon (2020–2023)
 * Alain Claude Bilie By Nze, Prime Minister of Gabon (2023)
 * Raymond Ndong Sima, Prime Minister of Gabon (2023–present)
 *  The Gambia
 * President – Adama Barrow, President of the Gambia (2017–present)
 * 🇬🇭 Ghana
 * President – Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana (2017–present)
 * 🇬🇳 Guinea
 * Junta Leader – Mamady Doumbouya, Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development (2021–present)
 * President – Mamady Doumbouya, Interim President of Guinea (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Bernard Goumou, Interim Prime Minister of Guinea (2022–2024)
 * 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau
 * President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló, President of Guinea-Bissau (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Nuno Gomes Nabiam, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2020–2023)
 * Geraldo Martins, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2023)
 * Rui Duarte de Barros, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2023–present)
 *  Ivory Coast
 * President – Alassane Ouattara, President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Patrick Achi, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2021–2023)
 * Robert Beugré Mambé, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2023–present)
 * 🇰🇪 Kenya
 * President – William Ruto, President of Kenya (2022–present)
 * 🇱🇸 Lesotho
 * Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sam Matekane, Prime Minister of Lesotho (2022–present)
 * 🇱🇷 Liberia
 * President – George Weah, President of Liberia (2018–2024)
 * 🇱🇾 Libya
 * Government of National Unity
 * Head of State – Mohamed al-Menfi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, Prime Minister of Libya (2021–present)
 * Government of National Stability (unrecognized, rival government)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Fathi Bashagha, Prime Minister of Libya (2022–2023)
 * Osama Hamada, Acting Prime Minister of Libya (2023–present)
 * 🇲🇬 Madagascar
 * President –
 * Andry Rajoelina, President of Madagascar (2019–2023)
 * Christian Ntsay, Acting President of Madagascar (2023)
 * Richard Ravalomanana, Acting President of Madagascar (2023)
 * Andry Rajoelina, President of Madagascar (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Christian Ntsay, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2018–present)
 * 🇲🇼 Malawi
 * President – Lazarus Chakwera, President of Malawi (2020–present)
 * 🇲🇱 Mali
 * President – Assimi Goïta, Interim President of Mali (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Dr. Choguel Kokalla Maïga, Prime Minister of Mali (2021–present)
 * 🇲🇷 Mauritania
 * President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President of Mauritania (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mohamed Ould Bilal, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2020–present)
 * 🇲🇺 Mauritius
 * President – Pritvirajsing Roopun, President of Mauritius (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2017–present)
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco
 * Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
 * Prime Minister – Aziz Akhannouch, Head of Government of Morocco (2021–present)
 * 🇲🇿 Mozambique
 * President – Filipe Nyusi, President of Mozambique (2015–present)
 * Prime Minister – Adriano Maleiane, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2022–present)
 * 🇳🇦 Namibia
 * President – Hage Geingob, President of Namibia (2015–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Saara Kuugongelwa, Prime Minister of Namibia (2015–present)
 * 🇳🇪 Niger
 * President –
 * Mohamed Bazoum, President of Niger (2021–2023)
 * Abdourahamane Tchiani, President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2021–2023)
 * Ali Lamine Zeine, Prime Minister of Niger (2023–present)
 * 🇳🇬 Nigeria
 * President –
 * Muhammadu Buhari, President of Nigeria (2015–2023)
 * Bola Tinubu, President of Nigeria (2023–present)
 * 🇷🇼 Rwanda
 * President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
 * Prime Minister – Édouard Ngirente, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2017–present)
 * Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (self-declared, partially recognised state)
 * President – Brahim Ghali, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (2020–present)
 *  São Tomé and Príncipe
 * President – Carlos Vila Nova, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Patrice Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2022–present)
 * 🇸🇳 Senegal
 * President – Macky Sall, President of Senegal (2012–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Amadou Ba, Prime Minister of Senegal (2022–2024)
 * 🇸🇨 Seychelles
 * President – Wavel Ramkalawan, President of Seychelles (2020–present)
 * 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone
 * President – Julius Maada Bio, President of Sierra Leone (2018–present)
 * Chief Minister –
 * Jacob Jusu Saffa, Chief Minister of Sierra Leone (2021–2023)
 * David Moinina Sengeh, Chief Minister of Sierra Leone (2023–present)
 * 🇸🇴 Somalia
 * President – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Hamza Abdi Barre, Prime Minister of Somalia (2022–present)
 * Somaliland (unrecognized, secessionist state)
 * President – Muse Bihi Abdi, President of Somaliland (2017–present)
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * President – Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa (2018–present)
 * 🇸🇸 South Sudan
 * President – Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of South Sudan (2011–present)
 * 🇸🇩 Sudan
 * President – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Osman Hussein, Acting Prime Minister of Sudan (2022–present)
 * 🇹🇿 Tanzania
 * President – Samia Suluhu, President of Tanzania (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Kassim Majaliwa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2015–present)
 * 🇹🇬 Togo
 * President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)
 * Prime Minister – Victoire Tomegah Dogbé, Prime Minister of Togo (2020–present)
 * 🇹🇳 Tunisia
 * President – Kais Saied, President of Tunisia (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Najla Bouden, Prime Minister of Tunisia (2021–2023)
 * Ahmed Hachani, Prime Minister of Tunisia (2023–present)
 * 🇺🇬 Uganda
 * President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
 * Prime Minister – Robinah Nabbanja, Prime Minister of Uganda (2021–present)
 * 🇿🇲 Zambia
 * President – Hakainde Hichilema, President of Zambia (2021–present)
 * 🇿🇼 Zimbabwe
 * President – Emmerson Mnangagwa, President of Zimbabwe (2017–present)

Asia

 * 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
 * Supreme Leader – Hibatullah Akhundzada, Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Hasan Akhund, Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2021–present)
 * 🇧🇭 Bahrain
 * Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
 * Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (2020–present)
 * 🇧🇩 Bangladesh
 * President –
 * Mohammad Abdul Hamid, President of Bangladesh (2013–2023)
 * Mohammed Shahabuddin, President of Bangladesh (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–present)
 * 🇧🇹 Bhutan
 * Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Lotay Tshering, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2018–2023)
 * Chogyal Dago Rigdzin, Chief Advisor of Bhutan (2023–2024)
 *  Brunei
 * Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
 * Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
 * 🇰🇭 Cambodia
 * Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023)
 * Hun Manet, Prime Minister of Cambodia (2023–present)
 * 🇨🇳 China
 * Communist Party Leader – Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (2012–present)
 * President – Xi Jinping, President of China (2013–present)
 * Premier –
 * Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of China (2013–2023)
 * Li Qiang, Premier of the State Council of China (2023–present)
 *  East Timor
 * President – José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Taur Matan Ruak, Prime Minister of East Timor (2018–2023)
 * Xanana Gusmão, Prime Minister of East Timor (2023–present)
 * 🇮🇳 India
 * President – Droupadi Murmu, President of India (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (2014–present)
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia
 * President – Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia (2014–present)
 * 🇮🇷 Iran
 * Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
 * President – Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran (2021–2024)
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq
 * President – Abdul Latif Rashid, President of Iraq (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani, Prime Minister of Iraq (2022–present)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel
 * President – Isaac Herzog, President of Israel (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2022–present)
 * 🇯🇵 Japan
 * Monarch – Naruhito, Emperor of Japan (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan (2021–present)
 * 🇯🇴 Jordan
 * Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
 * Prime Minister – Bisher Al-Khasawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (2020–present)
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
 * President – Kassym-Dzomart Tokayev, President of Kazakhstan (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Älihan Smaiylov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2022–2024)
 * 🇰🇵 North Korea
 * Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong Un, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (2012–present)
 * De facto Head of State – Kim Jong Un, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of North Korea (2011–present)
 * De jure Head of State – Choe Ryong-hae, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (2019–present)
 * Premier – Kim Tok-hun, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2020–present)
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea
 * President – Yoon Suk-yeol, President of South Korea (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Han Duck-soo, Prime Minister of South Korea (2022–present)
 * 🇰🇼 Kuwait
 * Monarch –
 * Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2020–2023)
 * Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2022–2024)
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan
 * President – Sadyr Dzaparov, President of Kyrgyzstan (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Akylbek Dzaparov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan (2021–present)
 *  Laos
 * Communist Party Leader – Thongloun Sisoulith, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (2021–present)
 * President – Thongloun Sisoulith, President of Laos (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sonexay Siphandone, Prime Minister of Laos (2022–present)
 * 🇱🇧 Lebanon
 * President – Vacant, (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Najib Mikati, President of the Council of Ministers (2021–present)
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * Monarch – Abdullah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2022–present)
 * 🇲🇻 Maldives
 * President –
 * Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, President of the Maldives (2018–2023)
 * Mohamed Muizzu, President of the Maldives (2023–present)
 * 🇲🇳 Mongolia
 * President – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, President of Mongolia (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2021–present)
 * 🇲🇲 Myanmar
 * State Administration Council
 * President – Myint Swe, Acting President of Myanmar (2021–present)
 * Junta Leader – Min Aung Hlaing, Chairman of the State Administration Council (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Min Aung Hlaing, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2021–present)
 * National Unity Government (unrecognized, rival government)
 * President – Duwa Lashi La, Acting President of the National Unity Government (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mahn Win Khaing Than, Prime Minister of the National Unity Government (2021–present)
 * 🇳🇵 Nepal
 * President –
 * Bidya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal (2015–2023)
 * Ram Chandra Poudel, President of Nepal (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2022–2024)
 * 🇴🇲 Oman
 * Monarch – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Sultan of Oman (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (2020–present)
 * 🇵🇰 Pakistan
 * President – Arif Alvi, President of Pakistan (2018–2024)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Shehbaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2022–2023)
 * Anwaar ul Haq Kakar, Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan (2023–2024)
 *  Palestine
 * Palestinian National Authority
 * President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of Palestine (2005–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mohammad Shtayyeh, Prime Minister of Palestine (2019–2024)
 * Hamas government in Gaza (unrecognized, rival government)
 * Party Leader – Ismail Haniyeh, Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau (2017–present)
 * President – Aziz Dweik, Interim President of the Palestinian National Authority (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Issam al-Da’alis, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2021–present)
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * President – Bongbong Marcos, President of the Philippines (2022–present)
 * 🇶🇦 Qatar
 * Monarch – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2020–2023)
 * Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2023–present)
 * 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
 * Monarch – Salman, King of Saudi Arabia (2015–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mohammed bin Salman, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2022–present)
 * 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * President –
 * Halimah Yacob, President of Singapore (2017–2023)
 * Tharman Shanmugaratnam, President of Singapore (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–2024)
 * 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka
 * President – Ranil Wickremesinghe, President of Sri Lanka (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Dinesh Gunawardena, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2022–present)
 * Syria
 * 🇸🇾 Syrian Arab Republic
 * President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
 * Prime Minister – Hussein Arnous, Prime Minister of Syria (2020–present)
 * Syrian opposition
 *  Syrian National Coalition (partially recognised, rival government)
 * President –
 * Salem al-Meslet, President of the Syrian National Coalition (2021–2023)
 * Hadi al-Bahra, President of the Syrian National Coalition (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abdurrahman Mustafa, Prime Minister of the Syrian National Coalition (2019–present)
 * Syrian Salvation Government (unrecognized, rival government)
 * Militant Leader – Abu Mohammad al-Julani, Commander-in-Chief of Tahrir al-Sham (2017–present)
 * President – Mustafa al-Mousa, President of the General Shura Council (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ali Keda, Prime Minister of the Syrian Salvation Government (2019–present)
 * 🇹🇼 Taiwan
 * President – Tsai Ing-wen, President of Taiwan (2016–2024)
 * Premier –
 * Su Tseng-chang, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2019–2023)
 * Chen Chien-jen, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2023–2024)
 * 🇹🇯 Tajikistan
 * President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
 * Prime Minister – Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (2013–present)
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand
 * Monarch – Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand (2014–2023)
 * Srettha Thavisin, Prime Minister of Thailand (2023–present)
 * 🇹🇷 Turkey
 * President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of Turkey (2014–present)
 * 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan
 * National Leader – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan (2023–present)
 * President – Serdar Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2022–present)
 * 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * President – Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)
 * 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
 * President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President of Uzbekistan (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2016–present)
 *  Vietnam
 * Communist Party Leader – Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2011–present)
 * President –
 * Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, President of Vietnam (2021–2023)
 * Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, Acting President of Vietnam (2023)
 * Võ Văn Thưởng, President of Vietnam (2023–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Phạm Minh Chính, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2021–present)
 * 🇾🇪 Yemen
 * Presidential Leadership Council
 * President – Rashad al-Alimi, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council of Yemen (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, Prime Minister of Yemen (2018–2024)
 * Supreme Political Council (partially-recognized, rival government)
 * Militant Leader – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, Leader of Ansar Allah (2015–present)
 * President – Mahdi al-Mashat, Chairman of the Supreme Political Council of Yemen (2018–present)
 * Prime Minister – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, Prime Minister of Yemen (2016–present)

Europe

 * Abkhazia (partially recognised, secessionist state)
 * President – Aslan Bzhania, President of Abkhazia (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2020–present)
 * 🇦🇱 Albania
 * President – Bajram Begaj, President of Albania (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania (2013–present)
 * 🇦🇩 Andorra
 * Monarchs –
 * French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron, French Co-prince of Andorra (2017–present)
 * Co-Prince's Representative – Patrick Strzoda (2017–present)
 * Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
 * Co-Prince's Representative – Josep Maria Mauri (2012–present)
 * Prime Minister – Xavier Espot Zamora, Head of Government of Andorra (2019–present)
 * 🇦🇲 Armenia
 * President – Vahagn Khachaturyan, President of Armenia (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2018–present)
 * Artsakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
 * President –
 * Arayik Harutyunyan, President of Artsakh (2020–2023)
 * Samvel Shahramanyan, President of Artsakh (2023)
 * 🇦🇹 Austria
 * President – Alexander Van der Bellen, Federal President of Austria (2017–present)
 * Chancellor – Karl Nehammer, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2021–present)
 * 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan
 * President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ali Asadov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2019–present)
 * Belarus
 * 🇧🇾 Belarus
 * President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
 * Prime Minister – Roman Golovchenko, Prime Minister of Belarus (2020–present)
 * 🇧🇾 Coordination Council for the Transfer of Power (partially-recognized, exile government)
 * President – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, President of the Coordination Council (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Head of the United Transitional Cabinet (2022–present)
 * 🇧🇪 Belgium
 * Monarch – Philippe, King of the Belgians (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo, Prime Minister of Belgium (2020–present)
 * 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Bosniak Member – Denis Bećirović (2022–present)
 * Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2018–present: Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2023–present)
 * Serb Member – Željka Cvijanović (2022–present: Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022–2023)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Zoran Tegeltija, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019–2023)
 * Borjana Krišto, Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2023–present)
 * High Representative – Christian Schmidt, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021–present)
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
 * President – Rumen Radev, President of Bulgaria (2017–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Galab Donev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2022–2023)
 * Nikolai Denkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2023–2024)
 * 🇭🇷 Croatia
 * President – Zoran Milanović, President of Croatia (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister of Croatia (2016–present)
 * 🇨🇾 Cyprus
 * President –
 * Nicos Anastasiades, President of Cyprus (2013–2023)
 * Nikos Christodoulides, President of Cyprus (2023–present)
 * 🇨🇿 Czech Republic
 * President –
 * Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic (2013–2023)
 * Petr Pavel, President of the Czech Republic (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Petr Fiala, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2021–present)
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark
 * Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2019–present)
 * 🇪🇪 Estonia
 * President – Alar Karis, President of Estonia (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia (2021–present)
 * 🇫🇮 Finland
 * President – Sauli Niinistö, President of Finland (2012–2024)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Sanna Marin, Prime Minister of Finland (2019–2023)
 * Petteri Orpo, Prime Minister of Finland (2023–present)
 * 🇫🇷 France
 * President – Emmanuel Macron, President of France (2017–present)
 * Prime Minister – Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France (2022–2024)
 *  Georgia
 * President – Salome Zurabishvili, President of Georgia (2018–present)
 * Prime Minister – Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (2021–2024)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Federal President of Germany (2017–present)
 * Chancellor – Olaf Scholz, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2021–present)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece
 * President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President of Greece (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (2019–2023)
 * Ioannis Sarmas, Prime Minister of Greece (2023)
 * Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (2023–present)
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary
 * President – Katalin Novák, President of Hungary (2022–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)
 * 🇮🇸 Iceland
 * President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President of Iceland (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2017–2024)
 * 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * President – Michael D. Higgins, President of Ireland (2011–present)
 * Prime Minister – Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach of Ireland (2022–2024)
 * 🇮🇹 Italy
 * President – Sergio Mattarella, President of Italy (2015–present)
 * Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2022–present)
 * Kosovo (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration)
 * President – Vjosa Osmani, President of Kosovo (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Albin Kurti, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2021–present)
 * UN Special Representative – Zahir Tanin, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2015–present)
 * 🇱🇻 Latvia
 * President –
 * Egils Levits, President of Latvia (2019–2023)
 * Edgars Rinkēvičs, President of Latvia (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (2019–2023)
 * Evika Siliņa, Prime Minister of Latvia (2023–present)
 * 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
 * Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
 * Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
 * Prime Minister – Daniel Risch, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2021–present)
 * 🇱🇹 Lithuania
 * President – Gitanas Nausėda, President of Lithuania (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2020–present)
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg
 * Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (2013–2023)
 * Luc Frieden, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (2023–present)
 * 🇲🇹 Malta
 * President – George Vella, President of Malta (2019–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Robert Abela, Prime Minister of Malta (2020–present)
 * 🇲🇩 Moldova
 * President – Maia Sandu, President of Moldova (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova (2021–2023)
 * Dorin Recean, Prime Minister of Moldova (2023–present)
 * 🇲🇨 Monaco
 * Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
 * Prime Minister – Pierre Dartout, Minister of State of Monaco (2020–present)
 * 🇲🇪 Montenegro
 * President –
 * Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro (2018–2023)
 * Jakov Milatović, President of Montenegro (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Dritan Abazović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2022–2023)
 * Milojko Spajić, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2023–present)
 *  Kingdom of the Netherlands
 * Monarch – Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–2024)
 *  North Macedonia
 * President – Stevo Pendarovski, President of North Macedonia (2019–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Dimitar Kovačevski, President of the Government of North Macedonia (2022–2024)
 * Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)
 * President – Ersin Tatar, President of Northern Cyprus (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2022–present)
 * 🇳🇴 Norway
 * Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
 * Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister of Norway (2021–present)
 * 🇵🇱 Poland
 * President – Andrzej Duda, President of Poland (2015–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Mateusz Morawiecki, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2017–2023)
 * Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2023–present)
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal
 * President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal (2015–2024)
 * 🇷🇴 Romania
 * President – Klaus Iohannis, President of Romania (2014–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Nicolae Ciucă, Prime Minister of Romania (2021–2023)
 * Cătălin Predoiu, Acting Prime Minister of Romania (2023)
 * Marcel Ciolacu, Prime Minister of Romania (2023–present)
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (2012–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2020–present)
 * 🇸🇲 San Marino
 * Captains-Regent –
 * Maria Luisa Berti and Manuel Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2022–2023)
 * Alessandro Scarano and Adele Tonnini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2023)
 * Filippo Tamagnini and Gaetano Troina, Captains Regent of San Marino (2023–2024)
 * 🇷🇸 Serbia
 * President – Aleksandar Vučić, President of Serbia (2017–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia (2017–2024)
 * 🇸🇰 Slovakia
 * President – Zuzana Čaputová, President of Slovakia (2019–2024)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Eduard Heger, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2021–2023)
 * Ľudovít Ódor, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2023)
 * Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2023–present)
 * 🇸🇮 Slovenia
 * President – Nataša Pirc Musar, President of Slovenia (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Robert Golob, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2022–present)
 *  South Ossetia (partially recognised, secessionist state)
 * President – Alan Gagloev, President of South Ossetia (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2022–present)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain
 * Monarch – Felipe VI, King of Spain (2014–present)
 * Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez, President of the Government of Spain (2018–present)
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden
 * Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ulf Kristersson, Prime Minister of Sweden (2022–present)
 * 🇨🇭 Switzerland
 * Council – Federal Council of Switzerland
 * Members – Alain Berset (2012–2023; President of Switzerland, 2023), Guy Parmelin (2016–present), Ignazio Cassis (2017–present), Karin Keller-Sutter  (2019–present) Viola Amherd (2019–present), Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (2023–present) and Albert Rösti (2023–present)
 * Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
 * President – Vadim Krasnoselsky, President of Transnistria (2016–present)
 * Prime Minister – Aleksandr Rozenberg, Prime Minister of Transnistria (2022–present)
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2020–present)
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of the United Kingdom (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2022–2024)
 * 🇻🇦 Vatican City
 * Monarch – Pope Francis, Sovereign of Vatican City (2013–present)
 * Head of Government – Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2021–present)
 * Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
 * Secretary of State – Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State (2013–present)

North America

 * 🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Antigua and Barbuda (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2014–present)
 * Prime Minister – Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2014–present)
 *  The Bahamas
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of the Bahamas (2022–present)
 * Governor-General –
 * Sir Cornelius A. Smith, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2019–2023)
 * Cynthia A. Pratt, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Philip Davis, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2021–present)
 * 🇧🇧 Barbados
 * President – Dame Sandra Mason, President of Barbados (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados (2018–present)
 * 🇧🇿 Belize
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Belize (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Dame Froyla Tzalam, Governor-General of Belize (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Johnny Briceño, Prime Minister of Belize (2020–present)
 * 🇨🇦 Canada
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Canada (2022–present)
 * Governor General – Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (2015–present)
 * 🇨🇷 Costa Rica
 * President – Rodrigo Chaves Robles, President of Costa Rica (2022–present)
 * 🇨🇺 Cuba
 * Communist Party Leader – Miguel Díaz-Canel, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (2021–present)
 * President – Miguel Díaz-Canel, President of Cuba (2018–present)
 * Prime Minister – Manuel Marrero Cruz, Prime Minister (2019–present)
 * 🇩🇲 Dominica
 * President –
 * Charles Savarin, President of Dominica (2013–2023)
 * Sylvanie Burton, President of Dominica (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
 * President – Luis Abinader, President of the Dominican Republic (2020–present)
 * 🇸🇻 El Salvador
 * President – Nayib Bukele, President of El Salvador (2019–present)
 * Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, Acting President of El Salvador (2023–2024)
 * 🇬🇩 Grenada
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Grenada (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade, Governor-General of Grenada (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister – Dickon Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (2022–present)
 * 🇬🇹 Guatemala
 * President – Alejandro Giammattei, President of Guatemala (2020–2024)
 * 🇭🇹 Haiti
 * President – Ariel Henry, Acting President of Haiti (2021–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Ariel Henry, Acting Prime Minister of Haiti (2021–2024)
 * 🇭🇳 Honduras
 * President – Xiomara Castro, President of Honduras (2022–present)
 * 🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Jamaica (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present)
 * Prime Minister – Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2016–present)
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico
 * President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President of Mexico (2018–present)
 * 🇳🇮 Nicaragua
 * President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present)
 * 🇵🇦 Panama
 * President – Laurentino Cortizo, President of Panama (2019–2024)
 * 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2022–present)
 * Governor-General –
 * Sir Tapley Seaton, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2015–2023)
 * Dame Marcella Liburd, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Terrance Drew, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (2022–present)
 * 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Saint Lucia (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Errol Charles, Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Philip Pierre, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2021–present)
 * 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Dame Susan Dougan, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2019–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
 * 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago
 * President –
 * Paula-Mae Weekes, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2018–2023)
 * Christine Kangaloo, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2023–present)
 * Prime Minister – Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2015–present)
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * President – Joe Biden, President of the United States (2021–present)

Oceania

 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Australia (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – David Hurley, Governor-General of Australia (2019–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia (2022–present)
 * 🇫🇯 Fiji
 * President – Ratu Wiliame Katonivere, President of Fiji (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (2022–present)
 * 🇰🇮 Kiribati
 * President – Taneti Mamau, President of Kiribati (2016–present)
 * 🇲🇭 Marshall Islands
 * President – David Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (2020–2024)
 * 🇫🇲 Micronesia
 * President –
 * David Panuelo, President of Micronesia (2019–2023)
 * Wesley Simina, President of Micronesia (2023–present)
 * 🇳🇷 Nauru
 * President –
 * Russ Kun, President of Nauru (2022–2023)
 * David Adeang, President of Nauru (2023–present)
 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of New Zealand (2022–present)
 * Governor General – Dame Cindy Kiro, Governor-General of New Zealand (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2017–2023)
 * Chris Hipkins, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2023)
 * Christopher Luxon, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2023–present)
 * 🇵🇼 Palau
 * President – Surangel Whipps Jr., President of Palau (2021–present)
 * 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Papua New Guinea (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2017–present)
 * Prime Minister – James Marape, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2019–present)
 * 🇼🇸 Samoa
 * Head of State – Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2017–present)
 * Prime Minister – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Prime Minister of Samoa (2021–present)
 * 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Solomon Islands (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi, Governor-General of Solomon Islands (2019–2024)
 * Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare, Prime Minister of Solomon Islands (2019–2024)
 * 🇹🇴 Tonga
 * Monarch – Tupou VI, King of Tonga (2012–present)
 * Prime Minister – Siaosi Sovaleni, Prime Minister of Tonga (2021–present)
 * 🇹🇻 Tuvalu
 * Monarch – Charles III, King of Tuvalu (2022–present)
 * Governor-General – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2021–present)
 * Prime Minister – Kausea Natano, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2019–2024)
 * 🇻🇺 Vanuatu
 * President – Nikenike Vurobaravu, President of Vanuatu (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister –
 * Ishmael Kalsakau, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2022–2023)
 * Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2023)
 * Charlot Salwai, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2023–present)

South America

 * 🇦🇷 Argentina
 * President –
 * Alberto Fernández, President of Argentina (2019–2023)
 * Javier Milei, President of Argentina (2023–present)
 * 🇧🇴 Bolivia
 * President – Luis Arce, President of Bolivia (2020–present)
 * 🇧🇷 Brazil
 * President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2023–present)
 * 🇨🇱 Chile
 * President – Gabriel Boric, President of Chile (2022–present)
 * 🇨🇴 Colombia
 * President – Gustavo Petro, President of Colombia (2022–present)
 * 🇪🇨 Ecuador
 * President –
 * Guillermo Lasso, President of Ecuador (2021–2023)
 * Daniel Noboa, President of Ecuador (2023–present)
 * 🇬🇾 Guyana
 * President – Irfaan Ali, President of Guyana (2020–present)
 * Prime Minister – Mark Phillips, Prime Minister of Guyana (2020–present)
 * 🇵🇾 Paraguay
 * President –
 * Mario Abdo Benítez, President of Paraguay (2018–2023)
 * Santiago Peña, President of Paraguay (2023–present)
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * President – Dina Boluarte, President of Peru (2022–present)
 * Prime Minister – Alberto Otárola, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2022–2024)
 * 🇸🇷 Suriname
 * President – Chan Santokhi, President of Suriname (2020–present)
 * 🇺🇾 Uruguay
 * President – Luis Lacalle Pou, President of Uruguay (2020–present)
 * 🇻🇪 Venezuela
 * Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
 * President – Nicolás Maduro, President of Venezuela (2013–present)
 * 2015 National Assembly (partially recognised, exile government)
 * President –
 * Juan Guaidó, President of the National Assembly (2019–2023)
 * Dinorah Figuera, President of the National Assembly (2023–present)