August 22

Pre-1600

 * 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.
 * 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland.
 * 1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England.
 * 1153 – Crusader–Fatimid wars: The fortress of Ascalon was surrendered by Fatimid Egypt to an army of crusaders, Templars, and Hospitallers led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem.
 * 1485 – The Battle of Bosworth Field occurs; King Richard III of England's death in battle marks the end of the reigning Plantagenet dynasty and the beginning of the Tudors under Henry VII.
 * 1559 – Spanish archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested for heresy.

1601–1900

 * 1614 – Fettmilch Uprising: Jews are expelled from Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, following the plundering of the Judengasse.
 * 1639 – Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers.
 * 1642 – Charles I raises his standard in Nottingham, which marks the beginning of the English Civil War.
 * 1654 – Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first known Jewish immigrant to America.
 * 1711 – Britain's Quebec Expedition loses eight ships and almost nine hundred soldiers, sailors and women to rocks at Pointe-aux-Anglais.
 * 1717 – Spanish troops land on Sardinia.
 * 1770 – James Cook names and lands on Possession Island, and claims the east coast of Australia for Britain as New South Wales.
 * 1777 – British forces abandon the Siege of Fort Stanwix after hearing rumors of Continental Army reinforcements.
 * 1780 – James Cook's ship HMS Resolution (1771) returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage).
 * 1791 – The Haitian slave revolution begins in Saint-Domingue, Haiti.
 * 1798 – French troops land at Kilcummin, County Mayo, Ireland to aid the rebellion.
 * 1827 – José de La Mar becomes President of Peru.
 * 1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.
 * 1849 – Passaleão incident: João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, the governor of Portuguese Macau, is assassinated by a group of Chinese locals, triggering a military confrontation between China and Portugal at the Battle of Passaleão three days after.
 * 1851 – The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
 * 1864 – Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention, establishing the rules of protection of the victims of armed conflicts.
 * 1875 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.
 * 1894 – Mahatma Gandhi forms the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in order to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal.

1901–present

 * 1902 – The Cadillac Motor Company is founded.
 * 1902  – Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to make a public appearance in an automobile.
 * 1902  – At least 6,000 people are killed by the magnitude 7.7 Kashgar earthquake in the Tien Shan mountains.
 * 1922 – Michael Collins, Commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot dead in an ambush during the Irish Civil War.
 * 1934 – Bill Woodfull of Australia becomes the only test cricket captain to twice regain The Ashes.
 * 1941 – World War II: German troops begin the Siege of Leningrad.
 * 1942 – Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan and Italy.
 * 1944 – World War II: Holocaust of Kedros in Crete by German forces.
 * 1949 – The Queen Charlotte earthquake is Canada's strongest since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
 * 1953 – The penal colony on Devil's Island is permanently closed.
 * 1962 – The OAS attempts to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle.
 * 1963 – X-15 Flight 91 reaches the highest altitude of the X-15 program (107.96 km (354,200 feet)).
 * 1965 – Juan Marichal, pitcher for the San Francisco Giants, strikes John Roseboro, catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers, on the head with a bat, sparking a 14-minute brawl, one of the most violent on-field incidents in sports history.
 * 1966 – Labor movements NFWA and AWOC merge to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), the predecessor of the United Farm Workers.
 * 1968 – Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America.
 * 1971 – J. Edgar Hoover and John Mitchell announce the arrest of 20 of the Camden 28.
 * 1972 – Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies.
 * 1973 – The Congress of Chile votes in favour of a resolution condemning President Salvador Allende's government and demands that he resign or else be unseated through force and new elections.
 * 1978 – Nicaraguan Revolution: The FLSN seizes the National Congress of Nicaragua, along with over a thousand hostages.
 * 1978  – The District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment is passed by the U.S. Congress, although it is never ratified by a sufficient number of states.
 * 1981 – Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes in Sanyi Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. All 110 people on board are killed.
 * 1985 – British Airtours Flight 28M suffers an engine fire during takeoff at Manchester Airport. The pilots abort but due to inefficient evacuation procedures 55 people are killed, mostly from smoke inhalation.
 * 1989 – Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5,000 strikeouts.
 * 1991 – Iceland is the first nation in the world to recognize the independence of the Baltic states.
 * 1992 – FBI sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.
 * 1999 – China Airlines Flight 642 crashes at Hong Kong International Airport, killing three people and injuring 208 more.
 * 2003 – Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore is suspended after refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a rock inscribed with the Ten Commandments from the lobby of the Alabama Supreme Court building.
 * 2004 – Versions of The Scream and Madonna, two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.
 * 2006 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 crashes near the Russian border over eastern Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board.
 * 2006  – Grigori Perelman is awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Poincaré conjecture in mathematics but refuses to accept the medal.
 * 2007 – The Texas Rangers defeat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3, the most runs scored by a team in modern Major League Baseball history.
 * 2012 – Ethnic clashes over grazing rights for cattle in Kenya's Tana River District result in more than 52 deaths.

Pre-1600

 * 1412 – Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1464)
 * 1570 – Franz von Dietrichstein, Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal (d. 1636)
 * 1599 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1636)

1601–1900

 * 1601 – Georges de Scudéry, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1667)
 * 1624 – Jean Regnault de Segrais, French author and poet (d. 1701)
 * 1647 – Denis Papin, French physicist and mathematician, developed pressure cooking (d. 1712)
 * 1679 – Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (d. 1758)
 * 1760 – Pope Leo XII (d. 1829)
 * 1764 – Charles Percier, French architect and interior designer (d. 1838)
 * 1771 – Henry Maudslay, English engineer (d. 1831)
 * 1773 – Aimé Bonpland, French botanist and explorer (d. 1858)
 * 1778 – James Kirke Paulding, American poet, playwright, and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1860)
 * 1800 – Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1865)
 * 1818 – Rudolf von Jhering, German jurist (d. 1892)
 * 1827 – Ezra Butler Eddy, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1906)
 * 1834 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American physicist and astronomer (d. 1906)
 * 1836 – Archibald Willard, American soldier and painter (d. 1918)
 * 1844 – George W. De Long, American Naval officer and explorer (d. 1881)
 * 1845 – William Lewis Douglas, American businessman and politician, 42nd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1924)
 * 1847 – John Forrest, Australian politician, 1st Premier of Western Australia (d. 1918)
 * 1848 – Melville Elijah Stone, American publisher, founded the Chicago Daily News (d. 1929)
 * 1854 – Milan I of Serbia (d. 1901)
 * 1857 – Ned Hanlon, American baseball player and manager (d. 1937)
 * 1860 – Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Polish-German technician and inventor, created the Nipkow disk (d. 1940)
 * 1860  – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
 * 1862 – Claude Debussy, French pianist and composer (d. 1918)
 * 1867 – Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (d. 1939)
 * 1867  – Charles Francis Jenkins, American inventor (d. 1934)
 * 1868 – Willis R. Whitney, American chemist (d. 1958)
 * 1873 – Alexander Bogdanov, Russian physician and philosopher (d. 1928)
 * 1874 – Max Scheler, German philosopher and author (d. 1928)
 * 1880 – Gorch Fock, German author and poet (d. 1916)
 * 1880  – George Herriman, American cartoonist (d. 1944)
 * 1881 – Bede Jarrett, English Dominican priest (d. 1934)
 * 1881  – James Newland, Australian soldier and policeman (d. 1949)
 * 1882 – Raymonde de Laroche, French pilot (d. 1919)
 * 1887 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, German Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1977)
 * 1890 – Cecil Kellaway, South African actor (d. 1973)
 * 1891 – Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (d. 1983)
 * 1891  – Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-Italian sculptor (d. 1973)
 * 1893 – Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1977)
 * 1893  – Dorothy Parker, American poet, short story writer, critic, and satirist (d. 1967)
 * 1893  – Ernest H. Volwiler, American chemist (d. 1992)
 * 1895 – László Almásy, Hungarian captain, pilot, and explorer (d. 1951)
 * 1895  – Paul Comtois, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1966)
 * 1896 – Laurence McKinley Gould, American geologist, educator, and polar explorer (d. 1995)
 * 1897 – Bill Woodfull, Australian cricketer and educator (d. 1965)
 * 1900 – Lisy Fischer, Swiss-born pianist and child prodigy (d. 1999)

1901–present

 * 1902 – Thomas Pelly, American lawyer and politician (d. 1973)
 * 1902  – Leni Riefenstahl, German actress, film director and propagandist (d. 2003)
 * 1902  – Edward Rowe Snow, American historian and author (d. 1982)
 * 1903 – Jerry Iger, American cartoonist, co-founded Eisner & Iger (d. 1990)
 * 1904 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese soldier and politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1997)
 * 1908 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer and painter (d. 2004)
 * 1908  – Erwin Thiesies, German rugby player and coach (d. 1993)
 * 1909 – Julius J. Epstein, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2000)
 * 1909  – Mel Hein, American football player and coach (d. 1992)
 * 1913 – Leonard Pagliero, English businessman and pilot (d. 2008)
 * 1913  – Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1993)
 * 1914 – Jack Dunphy, American author and playwright (d. 1992)
 * 1914  – Connie B. Gay, American businessman, co-founded the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum (d. 1989)
 * 1915 – David Dellinger, American activist (d. 2004)
 * 1915  – James Hillier, Canadian-American scientist, co-designed the electron microscope (d. 2007)
 * 1915  – Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and politician, 15th Prime Minister of the Polish Republic in Exile (d. 2005)
 * 1917 – John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
 * 1918 – Mary McGrory, American journalist and author (d. 2004)
 * 1920 – Ray Bradbury, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 2012)
 * 1920  – Denton Cooley, American surgeon and scientist (d. 2016)
 * 1921 – Dinos Dimopoulos, Greek director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
 * 1921  – Tony Pawson, English cricketer, footballer, and journalist (d. 2012)
 * 1922 – Roberto Aizenberg, Argentine painter and sculptor (d. 1996)
 * 1922  – Theoni V. Aldredge, Greek-American costume designer (d. 2011)
 * 1922  – Frank Kelly Freas, American science fiction and fantasy artist (d. 2005)
 * 1924 – James Kirkwood, Jr., American playwright and author (d. 1989)
 * 1924  – Harishankar Parsai, Indian writer, satirist and humorist (d. 1995)
 * 1925 – Honor Blackman, English actress and republican (d. 2020)
 * 1926 – Marc Bohan, French fashion designer (d. 2023)
 * 1926  – Bob Flanigan, American pop singer (d. 2011)
 * 1928 – Tinga Seisay, Sierra Leonean academic and diplomat (d. 2015)
 * 1928  – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer and academic (d. 2007)
 * 1929 – Valery Alekseyev, Russian anthropologist and author (d. 1991)
 * 1929  – Ulrich Wegener, German police officer and general (d. 2017)
 * 1930 – Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
 * 1932 – Gerald P. Carr, American engineer, colonel, and astronaut (d. 2020)
 * 1933 – Sylva Koscina, Italian actress (d. 1994)
 * 1934 – Norman Schwarzkopf, Jr., American general and engineer (d. 2012)
 * 1935 – Annie Proulx, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist
 * 1936 – Chuck Brown, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2012)
 * 1936  – John Callaway, American journalist and producer (d. 2009)
 * 1936  – Dale Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)
 * 1936  – Werner Stengel, German roller coaster designer and engineer, designed the Maverick roller coaster
 * 1938 – Jean Berkey, American businesswoman and politician (d. 2013)
 * 1939 – Valerie Harper, American actress (d. 2019)
 * 1939  – Carl Yastrzemski, American baseball player
 * 1941 – Bill Parcells, American football player and coach
 * 1943 – Alun Michael, Welsh police commissioner and politician, inaugural First Minister of Wales
 * 1943  – Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer scientist and engineer, co-designed the Intel 4004
 * 1944 – Roger Cashmore, English physicist and academic
 * 1945 – David Chase, American screenwriter and producer
 * 1945  – Ron Dante, American singer-songwriter and producer
 * 1947 – Cindy Williams, American actress and producer (d. 2023)
 * 1948 – David Marks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1949 – Diana Nyad, American swimmer and author
 * 1949 – Joop Donkervoort, Dutch businessman
 * 1950 – Ray Burris, American baseball player and coach
 * 1950  – Scooter Libby, American lawyer and politician, Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States
 * 1952 – Peter Laughner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1977)
 * 1953 – Paul Ellering, American weightlifter, wrestler, and manager
 * 1955 – Chiranjeevi, Indian film actor, producer and politician
 * 1956 – Paul Molitor, American baseball player and coach
 * 1956  – Peter Taylor, Australian cricketer
 * 1957 – Steve Davis, English snooker player, sportscaster, and author
 * 1957  – Holly Dunn, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
 * 1958 – Colm Feore, American-Canadian actor
 * 1958  – Stevie Ray, American semi-retired wrestler
 * 1958  – Vernon Reid, English-born American guitarist and songwriter
 * 1959 – Juan Croucier, Cuban-American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
 * 1959  – Pia Gjellerup, Danish lawyer and politician, Danish Minister of Finance
 * 1959  – Mark Williams, English actor
 * 1960 – Holger Gehrke, German footballer and manager
 * 1960  – Collin Raye, American country music singer
 * 1960  – Regina Taylor, American actress and playwright
 * 1961 – Andrés Calamaro, Argentine singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1961  – Roland Orzabal, English singer and musician
 * 1961  – Debbi Peterson, American singer-songwriter and drummer
 * 1962 – Stefano Tilli, Italian sprinter
 * 1963 – Tori Amos, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
 * 1963  – James DeBarge, American R&B/soul singer
 * 1964 – Mats Wilander, Swedish-American tennis player and coach
 * 1965 – Wendy Botha, South African-Australian surfer
 * 1965  – David Reimer, Canadian man, born male but reassigned female and raised as a girl after a botched circumcision (d. 2004)
 * 1966 – GZA, American rapper and producer
 * 1966  – Rob Witschge, Dutch footballer and manager
 * 1967 – Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, English actor
 * 1967  – Ty Burrell, American actor and comedian
 * 1967  – Paul Colman, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1967  – Layne Staley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
 * 1968 – Casper Christensen, Danish comedian, actor, and screenwriter
 * 1968  – Aleksandr Mostovoi, Russian footballer
 * 1968  – Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian businesswoman
 * 1968  – Horst Skoff, Austrian tennis player (d. 2008)
 * 1970 – Charlie Connelly, English author and broadcaster
 * 1970  – Giada De Laurentiis, Italian-American chef and author
 * 1970  – Tímea Nagy, Hungarian fencer
 * 1971 – Richard Armitage, English actor
 * 1971  – Craig Finn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1971  – Melinda Page Hamilton, American actress
 * 1971  – Rick Yune, American actor
 * 1972 – Okkert Brits, South African pole vaulter
 * 1972  – Paul Doucette, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
 * 1972  – Max Wilson, German-Brazilian race car driver
 * 1973 – Roslina Bakar, Malaysian sport shooter
 * 1973  – Howie Dorough, American singer-songwriter and dancer
 * 1973  – Kristen Wiig, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter
 * 1973  – Eurelijus Žukauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
 * 1974 – Cory Gardner, American politician
 * 1974  – Jenna Leigh Green, American actress and singer
 * 1974  – Agustín Pichot, Argentinian rugby player
 * 1975 – Clint Bolton, Australian footballer
 * 1975  – Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor
 * 1976 – Marius Bezykornovas, Lithuanian footballer
 * 1976  – Bryn Davies, American bassist, cellist, and pianist
 * 1976  – Laurent Hernu, French decathlete
 * 1976  – Jeff Weaver, American baseball player
 * 1976  – Randy Wolf, American baseball player
 * 1977 – Heiðar Helguson, Icelandic footballer
 * 1977  – Keren Cytter, Israeli visual artist and writer
 * 1978 – James Corden, English actor, comedian, writer, and television presenter
 * 1978  – Ioannis Gagaloudis, Greek basketball player
 * 1979 – Brandon Adams, American actor
 * 1979  – Matt Walters, American football player
 * 1980 – Roland Benschneider, German footballer
 * 1980  – Nicolas Macrozonaris, Canadian sprinter
 * 1980  – Seiko Yamamoto, Japanese wrestler
 * 1981 – Alex Holmes, American football player
 * 1981  – Jang Hyun-kyu, South Korean footballer (d. 2012)
 * 1981  – Christina Obergföll, German athlete
 * 1983 – Theo Bos, Dutch cyclist
 * 1983  – Jahri Evans, American football player
 * 1984 – Lee Camp, English footballer
 * 1984  – Lawrence Quaye, Ghanaian-Qatari footballer
 * 1985 – Luke Russert, American journalist
 * 1985  – Jey Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
 * 1985  – Jimmy Uso, Samoan-American wrestler
 * 1985  – Salih Yoluç, Turkish Automobile Racer
 * 1986 – Stephen Ireland, Irish footballer
 * 1986  – Tokushōryū Makoto, Japanese sumo wrestler
 * 1987 – Leonardo Moracci, Italian footballer
 * 1987  – Apollo Crews, American wrestler
 * 1989 – Giacomo Bonaventura, Italian footballer
 * 1990 – Randall Cobb, American football player
 * 1990  – Drew Hutchison, American baseball player
 * 1990  – Robbie Rochow, Australian rugby league player
 * 1990  – Adam Thielen, American football player
 * 1991 – Federico Macheda, Italian footballer
 * 1991  – Brayden Schenn, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1992 – Ema Burgić Bucko, Bosnian tennis player
 * 1993 – Dillon Danis, American mixed martial artist
 * 1994 – Israel Broussard, American actor
 * 1994  – Olli Määttä, Finnish ice hockey player
 * 1995 – Dua Lipa, English singer-songwriter
 * 1996 – Jessica-Jane Applegate, British Paralympic swimmer
 * 1996  – Jeon So-min, South Korean singer-songwriter
 * 1997 – Maxx Crosby, American football player
 * 1997  – Lautaro Martínez, Argentine footballer
 * 2001 – LaMelo Ball, American basketball player
 * 2003 – Cooper Connolly, Australian cricketer

Pre-1600

 * 408 – Stilicho, Roman general (b. 359)
 * 1155 – Emperor Konoe of Japan (b. 1139)
 * 1241 – Pope Gregory IX, (b. 1143)
 * 1280 – Pope Nicholas III (b. 1225)
 * 1304 – John II, Count of Holland (b. 1247)
 * 1338 – William II, Duke of Athens (b. 1312)
 * 1350 – Philip VI of France (b. 1293)
 * 1358 – Isabella of France (b. 1295)
 * 1425 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (b. 1423)
 * 1456 – Vladislav II of Wallachia
 * 1485 – Richard III of England (b. 1452)
 * 1485  – James Harrington, Yorkist knight
 * 1485  – John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk (b. 1430)
 * 1485  – Richard Ratcliffe, supporter of Richard III
 * 1485  – William Brandon, supporter of Henry VII (b. 1426)
 * 1532 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)
 * 1545 – Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician and husband of Mary Tudor (b. c. 1484)
 * 1553 – John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English admiral and politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1504)
 * 1572 – Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, English leader of the Rising of the North (b. 1528)
 * 1584 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1530)
 * 1599 – Luca Marenzio, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1553)

1601–1900

 * 1607 – Bartholomew Gosnold, English lawyer and explorer, founded the London Company (b. 1572)
 * 1652 – Jacob De la Gardie, Estonian-Swedish soldier and politician, Lord High Constable of Sweden (b. 1583)
 * 1664 – Maria Cunitz, Polish astronomer and author (b. 1610)
 * 1680 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1613)
 * 1681 – Philippe Delano, Dutch Plymouth Colony settler (b. 1602)
 * 1701 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1628)
 * 1711 – Louis François, duc de Boufflers, French general (b. 1644)
 * 1752 – William Whiston, English mathematician, historian, and theologian (b. 1667)
 * 1773 – George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton, English poet and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1709)
 * 1793 – Louis de Noailles, French general (b. 1713)
 * 1797 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, French-Austrian field marshal (b. 1724)
 * 1806 – Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter and illustrator (b. 1732)
 * 1818 – Warren Hastings, English lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Bengal (b. 1732)
 * 1828 – Franz Joseph Gall, Austrian neuroanatomist and physiologist (b. 1758)
 * 1850 – Nikolaus Lenau, Romanian-Austrian poet and author (b. 1802)
 * 1861 – Xianfeng, Emperor of China (b. 1831)
 * 1888 – Ágoston Trefort, Hungarian jurist and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1817)
 * 1891 – Jan Neruda, Czech journalist, author, and poet (b. 1834)

1901–present

 * 1903 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1830)
 * 1904 – Kate Chopin, American novelist and poet (b. 1850)
 * 1909 – Henry Radcliffe Crocker, English dermatologist and author (b. 1846)
 * 1914 – Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, Italian bishop and academic (b. 1859)
 * 1918 – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and academic (b. 1868)
 * 1920 – Anders Zorn, Swedish artist (b. 1860)
 * 1922 – Michael Collins, Irish rebel, counter-intelligence and military tactician, and politician; 2nd Irish Minister of Finance (b. 1890)
 * 1926 – Charles William Eliot, American academic (b. 1834)
 * 1933 – Alexandros Kontoulis, Greek general and diplomat (b. 1858)
 * 1940 – Oliver Lodge, English physicist and academic (b. 1851)
 * 1940  – Gerald Strickland, 1st Baron Strickland, Maltese lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1861)
 * 1942 – Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1880)
 * 1946 – Döme Sztójay, Hungarian general and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883)
 * 1950 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist and academic (b. 1888)
 * 1951 – Jack Bickell, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1884)
 * 1953 – Jim Tabor, American baseball player (b. 1916)
 * 1958 – Roger Martin du Gard, French novelist and paleographer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
 * 1960 – Johannes Sikkar, Estonian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (b. 1897)
 * 1963 – William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Morris Motors (b. 1877)
 * 1967 – Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist and academic, co-created the birth-control pill (b. 1903)
 * 1970 – Vladimir Propp, Russian philologist and scholar (b. 1895)
 * 1971 – Birger Nerman, Swedish archaeologist (b. 1888)
 * 1974 – Jacob Bronowski, Polish-English mathematician, biologist, and author (b. 1908)
 * 1976 – Gina Bachauer, Greek pianist and composer (b. 1913)
 * 1976  – Juscelino Kubitschek, Brazilian physician and politician, 21st President of Brazil (b. 1902)
 * 1977 – Sebastian Cabot, English actor (b. 1918)
 * 1977  – Chunseong, Korean monk, philosopher and writer (b. 1891)
 * 1977  – Rex Connor, Australian politician (b. 1907)
 * 1978 – Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan politician, 1st President of Kenya (b. 1894)
 * 1979 – James T. Farrell, American novelist, short-story writer, and poet (b. 1904)
 * 1980 – James Smith McDonnell, American pilot, engineer, and businessman, founded McDonnell Aircraft (b. 1899)
 * 1981 – Vicente Manansala, Filipino painter (b. 1910)
 * 1985 – Charles Gibson (historian), Historian of Mexico and its Indians, President of the American Historical Association (b. 1920)
 * 1986 – Celâl Bayar, Turkish lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Turkey (b. 1883)
 * 1987 – Joseph P. Lash, American author and journalist (b. 1909)
 * 1989 – Robert Grondelaers, Belgian cyclist (b. 1933)
 * 1989  – Huey P. Newton, American activist, co-founded the Black Panther Party (b. 1942)
 * 1991 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (b. 1924)
 * 1991  – Boris Pugo, Russian soldier and politician, Soviet Minister of Interior (b. 1937)
 * 1994 – Gilles Groulx, Canadian director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
 * 1994  – Allan Houser, American sculptor and painter (b. 1914)
 * 1995 – Johnny Carey, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1919)
 * 1996 – Erwin Komenda, Austrian car designer and engineer (b. 1904)
 * 2000 – Abulfaz Elchibey, 2nd President of Azerbaijan (b. 1938)
 * 2003 – Arnold Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater and coach (b. 1914)
 * 2004 – Konstantin Aseev, Russian chess player and trainer (b. 1960)
 * 2004  – Angus Bethune, Australian soldier and politician, 33rd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1908)
 * 2004  – Daniel Petrie, Canadian director and producer (b. 1920)
 * 2005 – Luc Ferrari, French-Italian director and composer (b. 1929)
 * 2005  – Ernest Kirkendall, American chemist and metallurgist (b. 1914)
 * 2007 – Grace Paley, American short story writer and poet (b. 1922)
 * 2008 – Gladys Powers, English-Canadian soldier (b. 1899)
 * 2009 – Muriel Duckworth, Canadian pacifist, feminist, and activist (b. 1908)
 * 2009  – Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (b. 1926)
 * 2010 – Stjepan Bobek, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1923)
 * 2011 – Nick Ashford, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1942)
 * 2011  – Jack Layton, Canadian academic and politician (b. 1950)
 * 2011  – Casey Ribicoff, American philanthropist (b. 1922)
 * 2012 – Nina Bawden, English author (b. 1925)
 * 2012  – Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, Chinese cardinal (b. 1923)
 * 2012  – Jeffrey Stone, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1926)
 * 2013 – Paul Poberezny, American pilot and businessman, founded the Experimental Aircraft Association (b. 1921)
 * 2013  – Andrea Servi, Italian footballer (b. 1984)
 * 2014 – U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
 * 2014  – Emmanuel Kriaras, Greek lexicographer and philologist (b. 1906)
 * 2014  – Pete Ladygo, American football player and coach (b. 1928)
 * 2014  – Noella Leduc, American baseball player (b. 1933)
 * 2014  – John Sperling, American businessman, founded the University of Phoenix (b. 1921)
 * 2014  – John S. Waugh, American chemist and academic (b. 1929)
 * 2015 – Arthur Morris, Australian cricketer and journalist (b. 1922)
 * 2015  – Ieng Thirith, Cambodian academic and politician (b. 1932)
 * 2015  – Eric Thompson, English race car driver and book dealer (b. 1919)
 * 2016 – S. R. Nathan, 6th President of Singapore (b. 1924)
 * 2016  – Toots Thielemans, Belgian and American jazz musician (b. 1922)
 * 2017 – Michael J. C. Gordon, British Computer scientist (b. 1948)
 * 2018 – Ed King, American musician (b. 1949)
 * 2018  – Krishna Reddy, Indian printmaker, sculptor and teacher (b. 1925)
 * 2021 – Rod Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

 * Christian feast day:
 * Guinefort, the holy greyhound, feast day traditionally.
 * Immaculate Heart of Mary (Roman Catholic calendar of 1960)
 * Queenship of Mary
 * August 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Earliest day on which National Heroes' Day (Philippines) can fall, while August 28 is the latest; celebrated on the fourth Monday in August.
 * Flag Day (Russia)
 * Madras Day (Chennai and Tamil Nadu, India)