October 25

Pre-1600

 * 285 or 286 – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
 * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.
 * 1147 – Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
 * 1147  – Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights conquer Lisbon.
 * 1415 – Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.

1601–1900

 * 1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
 * 1747 – War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
 * 1760 – King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II.
 * 1809 – Golden Jubilee of George III is celebrated in Britain as he begins the fiftieth year of his reign.
 * 1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States (1797), commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
 * 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
 * 1854 – The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.
 * 1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
 * 1868 – The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.
 * 1875 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23 premieres in Boston, Massachusetts, with Benjamin Johnson Lang as conductor and Hans von Bülow as soloist.

1901–present

 * 1911 – The Xinhai Revolution spreads to Guangzhou, where the Qing general Feng-shan is assassinated by the Chinese Assassination Corps.
 * 1917 – Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia.
 * 1920 – After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.
 * 1924 – The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.
 * 1927 – The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
 * 1932 – George Lansbury became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.
 * 1940 – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
 * 1944 – World War II: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
 * 1944  – World War II: The USS Tang (SS-306) under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
 * 1944  – World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
 * 1945 – Fifty years of Japanese administration of Taiwan formally ends when the Republic of China assumes control.
 * 1949 – The Battle of Guningtou in the Taiwan Strait begins.
 * 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.
 * 1968 – A Fairchild F-27 crashes into Moose Mountain while on approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon, New Hampshire, killing 32 people.
 * 1971 – The People's Republic of China replaces the Republic of China at the United Nations.
 * 1973 – Egypt and Israel accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 339.
 * 1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude.
 * 1983 – The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
 * 1990 – The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic declares its sovereignty from the Soviet Union.
 * 1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
 * 1997 – After a civil war, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
 * 1999 – A Learjet 35 crashes in Mina near Aberdeen, South Dakota, killing all six people on board, including PGA golfer Payne Stewart and golf course designer Bruce Borland.
 * 2001 – Microsoft releases Windows XP, which becomes one of Microsoft's most successful operating systems.
 * 2009 – The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wound at least 721.
 * 2010 – Mount Merapi in Indonesia begins a month-long series of violent eruptions that kill 353 people and cause the evacuation of another 350,000 people.
 * 2010 – A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes off Indonesia's Mentawai Islands, triggering a tsunami that kills at least 400 people.
 * 2023 – A mass shooting occurs in two locations in Lewiston, Maine. 18 people are killed and 13 more injured.

Pre-1600

 * 840 – Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, founder of the Saffarid dynasty (d. 879)
 * 1102 – William Clito, French son of Sybilla of Conversano (d. 1128)
 * 1330 – Louis II, Count of Flanders, (d. 1384)
 * 1453 – Giuliano de' Medici (d. 1478)
 * 1510 – Renée of France (d. 1574)
 * 1574 – François de Sourdis, French Catholic prelate (d. 1628)
 * 1589 – Jan Stanisław Sapieha, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1635)

1601–1900

 * 1612 – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish soldier (d. 1650)
 * 1667 – Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1718)
 * 1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, English-Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1757)
 * 1692 – Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain (d. 1766)
 * 1709 – Georg Gebel, German organist and composer (d. 1753)
 * 1714 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge (d. 1799)
 * 1736 – Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (d. 1824)
 * 1743 – Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1812)
 * 1749 – Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, Swedish chamberlain (d. 1802)
 * 1754 – Richard Howell, 3rd Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
 * 1755 – François Joseph Lefebvre, French military commander (d. 1820)
 * 1757 – Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman (d. 1831)
 * 1759 – Maria Feodorovna, Russian wife of Paul I of Russia (d. 1828)
 * 1759  – William Grenville, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
 * 1760 – Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, German historian (d. 1842)
 * 1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French philosopher and politician (d. 1830)
 * 1768 – Frederick William, ruler of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1816)
 * 1772 – Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein, French memoirist (d. 1857)
 * 1772  – Géraud Duroc, French general and diplomat (d. 1813)
 * 1779 – Pedro Velarde y Santillán, Spanish artillery captain (d. 1808)
 * 1781 – Friedrich von Berchtold, Bohemian physician and botanist (d. 1876)
 * 1782 – Levi Lincoln Jr., American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
 * 1789 – Carlos María de Alvear, Argentine soldier and statesman (d. 1852)
 * 1789  – Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (d. 1875)
 * 1790 – Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor (d. 1878)
 * 1792 – Jeanne Jugan, French nun (d. 1879)
 * 1795 – John P. Kennedy, American novelist and Whig politician (d. 1870)
 * 1800 – Maria Jane Jewsbury, English writer, poet, literary reviewer (d. 1833)
 * 1800  – Thomas Babington Macaulay, English poet, historian, and politician, Secretary at War (d. 1859)
 * 1800  – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest (d. 1875)
 * 1800  – Julius von Mohl, German orientalist (d. 1876)
 * 1802 – Richard Parkes Bonington, English painter (d. 1828)
 * 1802  – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
 * 1803 – Maria Doolaeghe, Flemish novelist (d. 1884)
 * 1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (d. 1856)
 * 1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1832)
 * 1814 – Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours (d. 1896)
 * 1815 – Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (d. 1894)
 * 1819 – Christian August Friedrich Garcke, German botanist (d. 1904)
 * 1821 – Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian painter (d. 1891)
 * 1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1899)
 * 1825  – Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, German astronomer and geophysicist (d. 1884)
 * 1827 – Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
 * 1832 – Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (d. 1909)
 * 1838 – Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (d. 1875)
 * 1838  – James Maybrick, English cotton merchant, victim of the "Aigburth Poisoning" (d. 1889)
 * 1844 – Philip Wicksteed, English economist (d. 1927)
 * 1848 – Carlo Emery, Italian entomologist (d. 1925)
 * 1848  – Karl Emil Franzos, Austrian novelist (d. 1904)
 * 1852 – Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, Russian author (d. 1912)
 * 1853 – Karl August Otto Hoffmann, German botanist (d. 1909)
 * 1856 – Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist (d. 1936)
 * 1858 – Take Ionescu, Romanian politician, diplomat, journalist and lawyer (d. 1922)
 * 1864 – John Francis Dodge, American businessman, co-founded the Dodge Company (d. 1920)
 * 1864  – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (d. 1956)
 * 1864  – Toktogul Satylganov, Kyrgyz Akyn, poet and singer (d. 1933)
 * 1866 – Thomas Armat, American mechanic and inventor (d. 1948)
 * 1866  – Norbert Klein, Bishop of Brno (d. 1933)
 * 1866  – Georg Schumann, German composer (d. 1952)
 * 1867 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
 * 1868 – Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
 * 1868  – Oskar Kallas, Estonian linguist and diplomat (d. 1946)
 * 1874 – Emma Gramatica, Italian actress (d. 1965)
 * 1874  – Victor Sonnemans, Belgian water polo player (d. 1962)
 * 1874  – Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (d. 1916)
 * 1875 – Carolyn Sherwin Bailey, American author and educator (d. 1961)
 * 1875  – Arthur Birkett, British cricketer (d. 1941)
 * 1877 – Adolf Moller, German rower (d. 1968)
 * 1877  – Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
 * 1879 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1925)
 * 1880 – Bohumír Šmeral, Czech politician (d. 1941)
 * 1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
 * 1882 – John T. Flynn, American journalist and author (d. 1964)
 * 1882  – Tony Jackson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1921)
 * 1882  – André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien, French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1964)
 * 1882  – Theodora Agnes Peck, American author and poet (d. 1964)
 * 1883 – Nikolay Krestinsky, Russian revolutionary and politician (d. 1938)
 * 1884 – Maria Czaplicka, Polish cultural anthropologist (d. 1921)
 * 1885 – Sam M. Lewis, American singer and lyricist (d. 1959)
 * 1885  – Xavier Lesage, French equestrian (d. 1968)
 * 1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (d. 1972)
 * 1886  – Karl Polanyi, Austro-Hungarian economist and historian (d. 1964)
 * 1887 – Alexander McCulloch, British rower (d. 1951)
 * 1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and pilot (d. 1957)
 * 1888  – Nils Dardel, Swedish-American painter (d. 1943)
 * 1888  – Jan Palouš, Czechoslovak ice hockey player (d. 1971)
 * 1888  – Léon Tom, Belgian fencer and bobsledder
 * 1889 – Abel Gance, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1981)
 * 1890 – Floyd Bennett, American aviator (d. 1928)
 * 1890  – Kōtarō Tanaka, Japanese jurist and politician (d. 1974)
 * 1891 – Charles Coughlin, Canadian-American priest and radio host (d. 1979)
 * 1891  – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (d. 1962)
 * 1892 – Nell Shipman, Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1970)
 * 1894 – Claude Cahun, French photographer and sculptor (d. 1954)
 * 1894  – Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu, Turkish poet and songwriter (d. 1973)
 * 1894  – Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1982)
 * 1895 – Levi Eshkol, Ukrainian-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
 * 1895  – Vsevolod Merkulov, Russian head of the NKGB (d. 1953)
 * 1895  – Arthur Schmidt, German officer (d. 1987)
 * 1896 – Nils Backlund, Swedish water polo player (d. 1964)
 * 1897 – Erwin von Lahousen, German Abwehr official (d. 1955)
 * 1897  – Karl Olivecrona, Swedish lawyer and philosopher (d. 1980)
 * 1897  – Luigi Pavese, Italian actor (d. 1969)
 * 1898 – Karl Anton, German director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
 * 1899 – Armand Thirard, French cinematographer (d. 1973)
 * 1900 – Johan Greter, Dutch equestrian (d. 1975)
 * 1900  – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian educator and activist (d. 1978)
 * 1900  – William Stevenson, American track and fielder (d. 1985)

1901–present

 * 1901 – Roy Fox, British dance bandleader (d. 1982)
 * 1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian and author (d. 1998)
 * 1902  – Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1956)
 * 1902  – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
 * 1903 – Piet van der Horst, Dutch cyclist (d. 1983)
 * 1904 – Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1985)
 * 1904  – Denny Shute, American golfer (d. 1974)
 * 1904  – Bill Tytla, Ukrainian-American animator (d. 1968)
 * 1905 – Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
 * 1906 – Karl Humenberger, Austrian footballer (d. 1989)
 * 1908 – Carmen Dillon, English film and production designer (d. 2000)
 * 1908  – Gotthard Handrick, German fighter pilot and Olympic athlete (d. 1978)
 * 1908  – Polly Ann Young, American actress (d. 1997)
 * 1909 – Whit Bissell, American actor (d. 1996)
 * 1909  – Ken Domon, Japanese photographer (d. 1990)
 * 1909  – Edward Flynn, American boxer (d. 1976)
 * 1909  – Jean-Paul Le Chanois, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1985)
 * 1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist and video game designer (d. 1994)
 * 1910  – Johnny Mauro, American race car driver (d. 2003)
 * 1910  – Tyrus Wong, Chinese-American artist (d. 2016)
 * 1912 – Abdelkader Ben Bouali, French footballer (d. 1997)
 * 1912  – Alfred Klingler, German field handballer
 * 1912  – Minnie Pearl, American entertainer and philanthropist (d. 1996)
 * 1912  – Luigi Raimondi, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1975)
 * 1913 – Klaus Barbie, German SS captain (d. 1991)
 * 1913  – Anton Kochinyan, Soviet-Armenian politician (d. 1990)
 * 1914 – John Berryman, American poet and scholar (d. 1972)
 * 1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1999)
 * 1916 – Helge Larsson, Swedish canoeist (d. 1971)
 * 1917 – Carl Forssell, Swedish fencer (d. 2005)
 * 1917  – Dmitry Polyansky, First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 2001)
 * 1918 – David Ausubel, American psychologist (d. 2008)
 * 1919 – Beate Uhse-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
 * 1919  – Raoul Remy, French cyclist (d. 2002)
 * 1920 – Megan Taylor, British figure skater (d. 1993)
 * 1921 – Michael I of Romania (d. 2017)
 * 1922 – Gloria Lasso, Spanish singer (d. 2005)
 * 1923 – Achille Silvestrini, Italian prelate (d. 2019)
 * 1923  – Beate Sirota Gordon, Austrian-American director and producer (d. 2012)
 * 1923  – Bobby Thomson, Scottish-American baseball player (d. 2010)
 * 1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
 * 1924  – Earl Palmer, American Hall of Fame drummer (d. 2008)
 * 1925 – Oralia Dominguez, Mexican operatic mezzo-soprano singer (d. 2013)
 * 1925  – Joseph Michel, Belgian politician (d. 2016)
 * 1926 – Bo Carpelan, Finnish poet and author (d. 2011)
 * 1926  – Jimmy Heath, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2020)
 * 1926  – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian-American soprano and actress (d. 2012)
 * 1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
 * 1927  – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, Uruguayan lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
 * 1927  – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist and author (d. 1987)
 * 1927  – Lauretta Masiero, Italian actress and singer (d. 2010)
 * 1928 – Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
 * 1928  – Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Brazilian architect (d. 2021)
 * 1928  – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
 * 1928  – Adolphe Gesché, Belgian Catholic priest and theologian (d. 2003)
 * 1928  – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (d. 2016)
 * 1928  – Marion Ross, American actress
 * 1928  – Yakov Rylsky, Soviet sabre fencer (d. 1999)
 * 1929 – Michel Knuysen, Belgian rower (d. 2013)
 * 1929  – Zdravko Milev, Bulgarian chess player (d. 1984)
 * 1929  – Claude Rouer, French cyclist (d. 2021)
 * 1929  – Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
 * 1930 – Harold Brodkey, American author and academic (d. 1996)
 * 1930  – Karoly Honfi, Hungarian chess player (d. 1996)
 * 1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress and singer (d. 2011)
 * 1931  – Jimmy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 2018)
 * 1932 – Vitold Fokin, Ukrainian first deputy prime minister
 * 1932  – Jerzy Pawłowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
 * 1932  – Theodor Pištěk, Czech costume designer
 * 1933 – René Brodmann, Swiss footballer (d. 2000)
 * 1933  – Martti Mansikka, Finnish gymnast (d. 2024)
 * 1934 – Carlos Sherman, Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, activist (d. 2005)
 * 1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut
 * 1936 – Martin Gilbert, English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
 * 1936  – Arnfinn Nesset, Norwegian nurse and convicted serial killer
 * 1936  – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and singer
 * 1937 – Vendramino Bariviera, Italian cyclist (d. 2001)
 * 1937  – Ignacio Carrasco de Paula, Spanish prelate
 * 1937  – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1938 – Bob Webster, American diver
 * 1939 – Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
 * 1939  – Sara Dylan, American actress and model
 * 1939  – Nikolay Kiselyov, Soviet Nordic combined athlete (d. 2005)
 * 1939  – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
 * 1939  – Dave Simmonds, British motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
 * 1939  – Robin Spry, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)
 * 1940 – Jimmy Herman, Canadian actor (d. 2013)
 * 1940  – Bob Knight, American basketball player and coach (d. 2023)
 * 1941 – Lynda Benglis, American sculptor and painter
 * 1941  – Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2020)
 * 1941  – Gordon Tootoosis, Aboriginal Canadian actor (d. 2011)
 * 1941  – Anne Tyler, American author and critic
 * 1941  – Dave Weill, American discus thrower
 * 1942 – Terumasa Hino, Japanese jazz trumpeter
 * 1942  – Gloria Katz, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2018)
 * 1942  – Franklin Loufrani, French President of the Smiley Company
 * 1943 – Orso Maria Guerrini, Italian actor
 * 1943  – Roy Lynes, English keyboardist and singer
 * 1944 – Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician, 10th Menteri Besar of Kedah (d. 2013)
 * 1944  – Jon Anderson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1944  – James Carville, American lawyer and political consultant
 * 1944  – Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
 * 1944  – Fred Housego, Scottish-English taxi driver and game show host
 * 1944  – Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer-songwriter and actress
 * 1944  – Ren Zhengfei, Chinese businessman
 * 1945 – Peter Ledger, Australian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1994)
 * 1945  – Yuriy Meshkov, Ukrainian politician and Russian separatist (d. 2019)
 * 1945  – Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Polish lawyer, screenwriter and politician
 * 1945  – Francisco Sá, Argentine footballer
 * 1945  – Phil Volk, American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer
 * 1945  – David S. Ward, American director and screenwriter
 * 1945  – Keaton Yamada, Japanese voice actor
 * 1946 – Elías Figueroa, Chilean footballer
 * 1946  – Peter Lieberson, American composer (d. 2011)
 * 1947 – Requena Nozal, Spanish artist
 * 1947  – Glenn Tipton, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1948 – Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach
 * 1948  – Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach
 * 1948  – Dan Issel, American basketball player and coach
 * 1948  – Sigleif Johansen, Norwegian biathlete
 * 1949 – Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
 * 1949  – Walter Hyatt, American singer-songwriter (d. 1996)
 * 1949  – Brian Kerwin, American actor
 * 1949  – Wilfried Louis, Haitian footballer
 * 1950 – Anne Alvaro, French actress
 * 1950  – Fernando Arêas Rifan, Brazilian bishop
 * 1950  – Roger Davies, English footballer
 * 1950  – John Matuszak, American footballer (d. 1989)
 * 1950  – Francisco Oscar Lamolina, Argentine football referee
 * 1950  – Chris Norman, English singer-songwriter
 * 1951 – Richard Lloyd, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1952 – Samir Geagea, Lebanese commander and politician
 * 1952  – Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician, and academic
 * 1952  – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
 * 1952  – Tove Nilsen, Norwegian author
 * 1953 – Daniele Bagnoli, Italian volleyball coach
 * 1953  – Jasem Yaqoub, Kuwaiti footballer
 * 1954 – Mike Eruzione, American ice hockey player and coach
 * 1954  – Ed Powers, American founder of Ed Powers Productions
 * 1955 – Glynis Barber, South African-English actress
 * 1955  – Robin Eubanks, American trombonist and educator
 * 1955  – Gale Anne Hurd, American producer
 * 1955  – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist and songwriter
 * 1955  – Leena Lander, Finnish author
 * 1955  – Lito Lapid, Filipino actor
 * 1956 – Stephen Leather, British author
 * 1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
 * 1957  – Enrique López Zarza, Mexican footballer
 * 1957  – Robbie McIntosh, English guitarist
 * 1957  – Piet Wildschut, Dutch footballer
 * 1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
 * 1958  – Kjell Inge Røkke, Norwegian businessman and philanthropist
 * 1959 – Óscar Aguirregaray, Uruguayan footballer
 * 1959  – Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
 * 1960 – Hong Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter
 * 1961 – John Sivebæk, Danish footballer
 * 1961  – Chad Smith, American drummer
 * 1962 – David Furnish, Canadian filmmaker
 * 1962  – Steve Gainer, American cinematographer and director
 * 1962  – Steve Hodge, English footballer and manager
 * 1962  – John Stollmeyer, American soccer player
 * 1963 – John Levén, Swedish bassist
 * 1963  – Michael Lynagh, Australian rugby union footballer
 * 1963  – Melinda McGraw, American actress
 * 1963  – Tracy Nelson, American actress
 * 1963  – José Ortiz, Puerto Rican basketball player
 * 1964 – Michael Boatman, American actor
 * 1964  – Johan de Kock, Dutch footballer
 * 1964  – Nicole, German singer
 * 1964  – Kevin Michael Richardson, American voice actor and singer
 * 1965 – 2 Cold Scorpio, American wrestler
 * 1965  – Mathieu Amalric, French actor and director
 * 1965  – Valdir Benedito, Brazilian footballer
 * 1965  – Claire Colebrook, Australian philosopher, theorist, and academic
 * 1965  – Dominique Herr, Swiss footballer
 * 1965  – Derrick Rostagno, American tennis player
 * 1965  – Rainer Strecker, German actor
 * 1966 – Zana Briski, British photographer and filmmaker
 * 1966  – Lionel Charbonnier, French footballer
 * 1966  – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1966  – Perry Saturn, American wrestler
 * 1967 – Martin Marinov, Australian canoeist
 * 1967  – Taiyō Matsumoto, Japanese manga artist
 * 1967  – Gary Sundgren, Swedish footballer
 * 1968 – Doris Fitschen, German footballer
 * 1968  – Christopher McQuarrie, American filmmaker
 * 1968  – Speech, American rapper
 * 1969 – Samantha Bee, Canadian-American comedian and television host
 * 1969  – Josef Beránek, Czech ice hockey player and coach
 * 1969  – Slavko Cicak, Swedish chess Grandmaster
 * 1969  – Nika Futterman, American voice actress, comedian and singer
 * 1969  – Ibragim Gasanbekov, Azerbaijani footballer
 * 1969  – Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer
 * 1969  – Alex Webster, American bass player
 * 1970 – J. A. Adande, American journalist and academic
 * 1970  – Peter Aerts, Dutch kick-boxer and mixed martial artist
 * 1970  – Adam Goldberg, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1970  – Damir Mršić, Bosnian basketball player
 * 1970  – Adam Pascal, American actor and singer
 * 1970  – Rafa, Spanish footballer
 * 1970  – Ed Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1970  – Daniel Scheinhardt, German footballer
 * 1970  – Chely Wright, American singer-songwriter and actress
 * 1971 – Simon Charlton, English footballer and manager
 * 1971  – Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
 * 1971  – Neil Fallon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1971  – Leslie Grossman, American actress
 * 1971  – Rosie Ledet, American singer-songwriter and accordion player
 * 1971  – Pedro Martínez, Dominican-American baseball player and sportscaster
 * 1971  – Midori, Japanese-American violinist and educator
 * 1971  – Craig Robinson, American actor and singer
 * 1971  – Elif Şafak, French-Turkish journalist, author, and academic
 * 1972 – Cristian Dulca, Romanian footballer
 * 1972  – Rodolfo Falcón, Cuban swimmer
 * 1972  – Maxi Mounds, American nude big-bust model and pornographic actress
 * 1972  – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1972  – Persia White, American actress, singer, and musician
 * 1973 – Fırat Aydınus, Turkish football referee
 * 1973  – Lamont Bentley, American actor and rapper (d. 2005)
 * 1973  – Michael Weston, American actor
 * 1974 – Lee Byung-kyu, South Korean baseball player
 * 1974  – Yoo Yong-sung, South Korean badminton player
 * 1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1975  – Ryan Clement, American football player
 * 1975  – Agustín Julio, Colombian footballer
 * 1975  – Zadie Smith,  English author and academic
 * 1975  – Antony Starr, New Zealand actor
 * 1976 – Deon Burton, Jamaican footballer
 * 1976  – Ahmed Dokhi, Saudi Arabian footballer
 * 1976  – Akihisa Ikeda, Japanese manga artist
 * 1976  – Steve Jones, Northern Irish footballer
 * 1976  – Brett Kirk, Australian footballer and coach
 * 1976  – Anton Sikharulidze, Russian pair skater
 * 1977 – The Alchemist, American rapper, DJ, and producer
 * 1977  – Rodolfo Bodipo, Equatoguinean retired footballer
 * 1977  – Mitică Pricop, Romanian sprint canoer
 * 1977  – Birgit Prinz, German footballer and psychologist
 * 1977  – Rakan Rushaidat, Croatian actor
 * 1977  – Kateryna Serebrianska, Ukrainian gymnast
 * 1977  – Mihai Tararache, Romanian footballer
 * 1977  – Yeho, Israeli singer and actor
 * 1978 – Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer
 * 1978  – Zachary Knighton, American actor
 * 1978  – Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
 * 1978  – Robert Mambo Mumba, Kenyan footballer
 * 1978  – Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish sprinter
 * 1978  – An Yong-hak, North Korean footballer
 * 1979 – Bat for Lashes, English singer
 * 1979  – Rob Hulse, English footballer
 * 1979  – Mariana Klaveno, American actress
 * 1979  – João Lucas, Portuguese footballer (d. 2015)
 * 1979  – Rosa Mendes, Canadian-American wrestler and model
 * 1980 – Mehcad Brooks, American model and actor
 * 1980  – Félicien Singbo, Beninois footballer
 * 1981 – Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
 * 1981  – Josh Henderson, American actor and singer
 * 1981  – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
 * 1982 – Victoria Francés, Spanish illustrator
 * 1982  – Devin Green, American basketball player
 * 1982  – Guido Grünheid, German basketball player
 * 1982  – Camilla Jensen, Danish curler
 * 1982  – Michael Sweetney, American basketball player
 * 1982  – Mickaël Tavares, Senegalese footballer
 * 1983 – Hotaru Akane, Japanese actress and activist
 * 1983  – Stanislav Bohush, Ukrainian footballer
 * 1983  – Daniele Mannini, Italian footballer
 * 1983  – Princess Yōko of Mikasa
 * 1983  – Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress
 * 1984 – Nicolas Besch, French ice hockey player
 * 1984  – Ticia Gara, Hungarian chess player
 * 1984  – Sara Lumholdt, Swedish singer and dancer
 * 1984  – Katy Perry, American singer-songwriter and actress
 * 1984  – Iván Ramis, Spanish footballer
 * 1984  – Karolina Šprem, Croatian tennis player
 * 1985 – Ciara, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
 * 1985  – Óscar Granados, Costa Rican footballer
 * 1985  – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
 * 1985  – Daniele Padelli, Italian footballer
 * 1986 – Tweety Carter, American basketball player
 * 1986  – Roger Espinoza, Honduran footballer
 * 1986  – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
 * 1986  – Kristian Sarkies, Australian footballer
 * 1986  – Ekaterina Shumilova, Russian biathlete
 * 1987 – Bill Amis, American basketball player
 * 1987  – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
 * 1987  – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
 * 1988 – Robson Conceição, Brazilian boxer
 * 1988  – Lewis McGugan, English professional footballer
 * 1988  – Chandler Parsons, American basketball player
 * 1988  – Kaz Patafta, Australian footballer
 * 1988  – Karim Yoda, French footballer
 * 1989 – Filip Grgić, Croatian taekwondo practitioner
 * 1989  – Sten Grytebust, Norwegian footballer
 * 1989  – David Hala, Australian rugby league player
 * 1989  – Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer
 * 1989  – Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress
 * 1990 – Mattia Cattaneo, Italian cyclist
 * 1990  – Sara Chafak, Finnish beauty pageant winner
 * 1990  – Asha Philip, British athlete
 * 1990  – Milena Rašić, Serbian volleyball player
 * 1990  – Dzina Sazanavets, Belarusian weightlifter
 * 1991 – Davide Faraoni, Italian footballer
 * 1991  – Isabella Shinikova, Bulgarian tennis player
 * 1992 – Clarisse Agbegnenou, French judoka
 * 1992  – Davide Formolo, Italian cyclist
 * 1992  – Sergey Ridzik, Russian freestyle skier
 * 1993 – Isaiah Austin, American basketball player
 * 1993  – Iván Garcia, Mexican diver
 * 1993  – William Howard, French basketball player
 * 1993  – Rachel Matthews, American actress
 * 1994 – Richard Jouve, French cross-country skier
 * 1994  – Jefferson Lerma, Colombian footballer
 * 1994  – Matteo Lodo, Italian rower
 * 1994  – Gor Minasyan, Armenian weightlifter
 * 1994  – Ray Robson, American chess Grandmaster
 * 1995 – Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
 * 1995  – Jock Landale, Australian basketball player
 * 1995  – Patrick McCaw, American basketball player
 * 1996 – PJ Dozier, American basketball player
 * 1997 – Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
 * 1998 – Juan Soto, Dominican baseball player
 * 1999 – Romeo Langford, American basketball player
 * 2000 – Dominik Szoboszlai, Hungarian footballer
 * 2000 – Vincent Zhou, American figure skater
 * 2001 – Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant

Pre-1600

 * 625 – Pope Boniface V
 * 912 – Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (b. 859)
 * 1047 – Magnus the Good, Norwegian king (b. 1024)
 * 1053 – Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu
 * 1154 – Stephen, King of England
 * 1180 – John of Salisbury, French bishop (b. c. 1120)
 * 1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German cardinal (b. 1120)
 * 1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (b. 1180)
 * 1292 – Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England
 * 1349 – James III of Majorca (b. 1315)
 * 1359 – Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1293)
 * 1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English philosopher, poet, and author (b. c.1343)
 * 1415 – Charles I of Albret
 * 1415  – Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
 * 1415  – Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (b. 1371)
 * 1415  – Jean I, Duke of Alençon (b. 1385)
 * 1415  – Anthony, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
 * 1415  – Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, English soldier (b. 1394)
 * 1415  – Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, English politician (b. 1373)
 * 1415  – Dafydd Gam, Welsh nobleman (b. c. 1380)
 * 1478 – Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
 * 1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish bishop (b. 1455)
 * 1495 – John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
 * 1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and academic, founded University of Aberdeen (b. 1431)
 * 1557 – William Cavendish, English courtier and civil servant (b. 1505)

1601–1900

 * 1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
 * 1651 – Saint Job of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (b. 1551)
 * 1683 – William Scroggs, English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (b. 1623)
 * 1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1667)
 * 1757 – Antoine Augustin Calmet, French monk and theologian (b. 1672)
 * 1760 – George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
 * 1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of War (b. 1750)
 * 1826 – Philippe Pinel, French physician and psychiatrist (b. 1745)
 * 1833 – Abbas Mirza, Persian prince (b. 1789)
 * 1852 – John C. Clark, American lawyer and politician (b. 1793)
 * 1889 – Émile Augier, French playwright (b. 1820)
 * 1895 – Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (b. 1819)

1901–present

 * 1902 – Frank Norris, American journalist and novelist (b. 1870)
 * 1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-American golfer (b. 1878)
 * 1916 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (b. 1849)
 * 1919 – William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (b. 1849)
 * 1920 – Alexander of Greece (b. 1893)
 * 1920  – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright, politician, Lord Mayor of Cork died on hunger strike (b. 1879)
 * 1920 – Joe Murphy, (Irish-American), died on hunger strike during the 1920 Cork hunger strike (b. 1895)
 * 1921 – Bat Masterson, American lawman, buffalo hunter, and sport writer (b. 1853)
 * 1924 – Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (b. 1876)
 * 1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Swiss-Argentinian poet and author (b. 1892)
 * 1940 – Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1854)
 * 1941 – Franz von Werra, Swiss-German captain and pilot (b. 1914)
 * 1945 – Robert Ley, German politician (b. 1890)
 * 1949 – Mary Acworth Orr Evershed, English astronomer and Dante scholar (b. 1867)
 * 1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist and academic (b. 1867)
 * 1954 – Purshottam Narayan Gadgil, Indian jeweller and namesake of P. N. Gadgil Jewellers (b. 1874)
 * 1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese girl (b. 1943)
 * 1956 – Risto Ryti, Finnish lawyer, politician and Governor of the Bank of Finland; 5th President of Finland (b. 1889)
 * 1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-American mob boss (b. 1902)
 * 1957  – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, English-Irish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1878)
 * 1960 – Harry Ferguson, Irish-English engineer, founded the Ferguson Company (b. 1884)
 * 1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor and composer (b. 1898)
 * 1967 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (b. 1886)
 * 1969 – Ellinor Aiki, Estonian painter (b. 1893)
 * 1970 – Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter (b. 1924)
 * 1971 – Mikhail Yangel, Soviet missile designer (b. 1911)
 * 1972 – Johnny Mantz, American race car driver (b. 1918)
 * 1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian runner (b. 1932)
 * 1973  – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
 * 1973  – Robert Scholl, German accountant and politician (b. 1891)
 * 1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1937)
 * 1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (b. 1903)
 * 1977 – Félix Gouin, French politician (b. 1884)
 * 1979 – Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (b. 1898)
 * 1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist and educator (b. 1912)
 * 1980  – Víctor Galíndez, Argentine boxer (b. 1948)
 * 1980  – Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and songwriter (b. 1921)
 * 1982 – Bill Eckersley, English footballer (b. 1925)
 * 1982  – Arvid Wallman, Swedish diver (b. 1901)
 * 1985 – Gary Holton, English singer-songwriter (b. 1952)
 * 1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (b. 1919)
 * 1989 – Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (b. 1912)
 * 1990 – Alberto da Costa Pereira, Portuguese footballer (b. 1929)
 * 1991 – Bill Graham, German-American concert promoter (b. 1931)
 * 1992 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)
 * 1992  – Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (b. 1916)
 * 1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (b. 1958)
 * 1993  – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
 * 1994 – Kara Hultgreen, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1965)
 * 1994  – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
 * 1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
 * 1995  – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
 * 1999 – Leonard Boyle, Irish and Canadian palaeographer and medievalist (b. 1923)
 * 1999  – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
 * 2000 – Mochitsura Hashimoto, Japanese commander (b. 1909)
 * 2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor and singer (b. 1930)
 * 2002  – René Thom, French mathematician and biologist (b. 1923)
 * 2002  – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (b. 1944)
 * 2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian spiritual leader and philosopher (b. 1920)
 * 2003  – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (b. 1925)
 * 2004 – John Peel, English radio host and producer (b. 1939)
 * 2010 – Lisa Blount, American actress (b. 1957)
 * 2010  – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (b. 1951)
 * 2010  – Vesna Parun, Croatian poet and author (b. 1922)
 * 2012 – Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (b. 1907)
 * 2012  – Jaspal Bhatti, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1955)
 * 2012  – John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
 * 2012  – Emanuel Steward, American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster (b. 1944)
 * 2013 – Ron Ackland, New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1934)
 * 2013  – Arthur Danto, American philosopher and critic (b. 1924)
 * 2013  – Nicholas Hunt, Welsh-English admiral (b. 1930)
 * 2013  – Hal Needham, American actor, stuntman, director, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
 * 2013  – Paul Reichmann, Austrian-Canadian businessman, founded Olympia and York (b. 1930)
 * 2013  – Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
 * 2013  – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (b. 1942)
 * 2014 – Jack Bruce, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
 * 2014  – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican lawyer and politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
 * 2015 – David Cesarani, English historian and author (b. 1956)
 * 2015  – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (b. 1944)
 * 2015  – Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (b. 1988)
 * 2015  – Flip Saunders, American basketball player and coach (b. 1955)
 * 2016 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian football player and manager (b. 1944)
 * 2016  – Bob Hoover, USAF, Test, and Airshow pilot (b. 1922)
 * 2018 – Thomas Keating, an American Trappist monk and a principal developer of Centering Prayer (b. 1923)
 * 2019 – Dilip Parikh, Indian politician (b. 1937)

Holidays and observances

 * Armed Forces Day (Romania)
 * Christian feast day:
 * Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo)
 * Pope Boniface I
 * Canna
 * Blessed Carlo Gnocchi
 * Crysanthus and Daria (Western Christianity)
 * Crispin and Crispinian
 * Fructus
 * Gaudentius of Brescia
 * Goeznovius
 * Minias of Florence
 * Mar Nestorius (in the Nestorian churches)
 * Tabitha (Dorcas)
 * Tegulus
 * Blessed Thaddeus McCarthy
 * The Six Welsh Martyrs and companions (in Wales)
 * The Hallowing of Nestorius
 * October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Earliest day on which Nevada Day can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Nevada)
 * Earliest day on which October Holiday can fall, while October 31 is the latest; observed on last Monday in October. (Ireland)
 * Earliest day on which Teacher's Day (Australia) can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Australia)
 * Customs Officer's Day (Russia)
 * Day of the Basque Country (Basque Country)
 * Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
 * Retrocession Day (Taiwan)
 * Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
 * Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)