July 21

Pre-1600

 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
 * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the first pope to resign his office.
 * 285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
 * 365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affected the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands are killed.
 * 905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
 * 1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
 * 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
 * 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
 * 1568 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.

1601–1900

 * 1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
 * 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.
 * 1674 – A Dutch assault on the French island of Martinique is repulsed against all odds.
 * 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
 * 1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
 * 1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
 * 1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
 * 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
 * 1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
 * 1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
 * 1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.

1901–present

 * 1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
 * 1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.
 * 1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
 * 1920 – The "Belfast Pogrom" begins two years of violence with the expulsion of thousands of Catholic shipyard, factory and linen mill workers from their jobs.
 * 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100.
 * 1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph.
 * 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia.
 * 1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
 * 1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
 * 1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.
 * 1952 – The 7.3 Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.
 * 1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
 * 1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative.
 * 1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
 * 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government
 * 1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).
 * 1961 – Alaska Airlines Flight 779 crashes near Shemya Air Force Base in Shemya, Alaska killing six.
 * 1964 – A series of racial riots break out in Singapore. In the next six weeks, 23 die with 454 others injured.
 * 1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin.
 * 1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
 * 1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
 * 1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre.
 * 1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA.
 * 1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
 * 1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
 * 1983 – The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at -89.2 °C.
 * 1990 – Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation.
 * 1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
 * 2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect.
 * 2005 – Four attempted bomb attacks by Islamist extremists disrupt part of London's public transport system.
 * 2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first President of Nepal.
 * 2010 – President Barack Obama signs the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
 * 2011 – NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
 * 2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.
 * 2019 – Yuen Long attack or "721 incident" in Hong Kong. Triad members indiscriminately beat civilians returning from protests while police failed to take action.
 * 2023 – The Barbenheimer phenomenon begins as two major motion pictures, Greta Gerwig's fantasy comedy Barbie and Christopher Nolan's epic biographical thriller Oppenheimer, are released in theaters on the same day and audiences, instead of creating a rivalry between the extremely dissimilar films, instead attend and praise both as an informal, surreal double feature.

Pre-1600

 * 541 – Emperor Wen of Sui, emperor of the Sui dynasty (d. 604)
 * 1030 – Kyansittha, King of Burma (d. 1112)
 * 1414 – Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484)
 * 1462 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (d. 1530)
 * 1476 – Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (d. 1534)
 * 1476 – Anna Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1497)
 * 1535 – García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)

1601–1900

 * 1616 – Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1676)
 * 1620 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (d. 1682)
 * 1648 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (d. 1689)
 * 1654 – Pedro Calungsod, Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized (d. 1672)
 * 1664 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (d. 1721)
 * 1693 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1768)
 * 1710 – Paul Möhring, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (d. 1792)
 * 1783 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon, French general (d. 1853)
 * 1808 – Simion Bărnuțiu, Romanian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1864)
 * 1810 – Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
 * 1811 – Robert Mackenzie, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Queensland (d. 1873)
 * 1816 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist, founded Reuters (d. 1899)
 * 1858 – Maria Christina of Austria (d. 1929)
 * 1858  – Lovis Corinth, German painter (d. 1925)
 * 1858  – Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (d. 1941)
 * 1863 – C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor (d. 1948)
 * 1866 – Carlos Schwabe, Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker (d. 1926)
 * 1870 – Emil Orlík, Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer (d. 1932)
 * 1875 – Charles Gondouin, French rugby player and tug of war competitor (d. 1947)
 * 1880 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak astronomer, general, and politician (d. 1919)
 * 1882 – David Burliuk, Ukrainian author and illustrator (d. 1967)
 * 1885 – Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1948)
 * 1891 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (d. 1969)
 * 1893 – Hans Fallada, German author (d. 1947)
 * 1896 – Sophie Bledsoe Aberle, American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist (d. 1996)
 * 1898 – Sara Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
 * 1899 – Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
 * 1899  – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
 * 1900 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)

1901–present

 * 1903 – Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
 * 1903  – Roy Neuberger, American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman (d. 2010)
 * 1908 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (d. 1996)
 * 1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and theorist (d. 1980)
 * 1911  – Umashankar Joshi, Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 1988)
 * 1914 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1977)
 * 1917 – Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2005)
 * 1920 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005)
 * 1920  – Isaac Stern, Russian-American violinist and conductor (d. 2001)
 * 1920  – Jean Daniel, Algerian-French journalist and author (d. 2020)
 * 1921 – James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (d. 2000)
 * 1921  – John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014)
 * 1921  – Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, Zulu sangoma (d. 2020)
 * 1922  – Philomena Franz, German Romani author (d. 2022)
 * 1922 – Kay Starr, American singer (d. 2016)
 * 1922  – Mollie Sugden, English actress (d. 2009)
 * 1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
 * 1923  – Queenie Watts, English actress and singer (d. 1980)
 * 1924  – Don Knotts, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
 * 1925 – Johnny Peirson, Canadian hockey player (d. 2021)
 * 1926 – Paul Burke, American actor (d. 2009)
 * 1926 – Norman Jewison, Canadian actor, director, and producer (d. 2024)
 * 1926  – Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan (d. 2022)
 * 1926  – Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013)
 * 1926  – Karel Reisz, Czech-English director and producer (d. 2002)
 * 1928 – Sky Low Low, Canadian wrestler (d. 1998)
 * 1929 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (d. 2006)
 * 1930 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 2002)
 * 1930  – Helen Merrill, American singer
 * 1931 – Sonny Clark, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
 * 1931  – Plas Johnson, American saxophonist
 * 1931  – Leon Schidlowsky, Chilean-Israeli painter and composer (d. 2022)
 * 1932 – Kaye Stevens, American singer and actress (d. 2011)
 * 1933 – John Gardner, American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1982)
 * 1934 – Chandu Borde, Indian cricketer and manager
 * 1934  – Jonathan Miller, English actor, director, and author (d. 2019)
 * 1935 – Norbert Blüm, German businessman and politician (d. 2020)
 * 1935  – Moe Drabowsky, Polish-American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
 * 1937 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (d. 1990)
 * 1938 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1995)
 * 1938  – Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor
 * 1938  – Janet Reno, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General (d. 2016)
 * 1939 – Jamey Aebersold, American saxophonist and educator
 * 1939  – Kim Fowley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager (d. 2015)
 * 1939  – John Negroponte, English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations
 * 1942 – Mallikarjun Kharge, Indian politician, 98th President of the Indian National Congress
 * 1943 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (d. 2002)
 * 1943  – Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014)
 * 1943  – Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
 * 1943  – Robert Shrum, American author and political advisor
 * 1944 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (d. 2012)
 * 1944  – Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian author and academic (d. 2017)
 * 1944  – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (d. 2002)
 * 1945 – Wendy Cope, English poet, critic, and educator
 * 1945  – Geoff Dymock, Australian cricketer
 * 1945  – Barry Richards, South African cricketer
 * 1946 – Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States (d. 2022)
 * 1946 – Timothy Harris, American author, screenwriter and producer
 * 1947 – Chetan Chauhan, Indian cricketer and politician (d. 2020)
 * 1948 – Art Hindle, Canadian actor and director
 * 1948  – Cat Stevens, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1948  – Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist
 * 1949 – Christina Hart, American playwright and actress
 * 1949  – Hirini Melbourne, New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2003)
 * 1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentinian footballer and coach
 * 1950  – Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
 * 1951 – Richard Gozney, English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, 139th Governor of Bermuda
 * 1951  – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014)
 * 1952 – John Barrasso, American physician and politician
 * 1952  – Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian economist
 * 1953 – Eric Bazilian, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer
 * 1953  – Jeff Fatt, Australian keyboard player and actor
 * 1953  – Bernie Fraser, New Zealand rugby player
 * 1953  – Brian Talbot, English footballer and manager
 * 1955 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2003)
 * 1955  – Dannel Malloy, American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut
 * 1955  – Taco, Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer
 * 1955  – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1956 – Michael Connelly, American author
 * 1957 – Stefan Löfven, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden
 * 1957  – Jon Lovitz, American comedian, actor, and producer
 * 1958 – Dave Henderson, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
 * 1959 – Gene Miles, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
 * 1959  – Reha Muhtar, Turkish journalist
 * 1959  – Paul Vautin, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
 * 1960 – Amar Singh Chamkila, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
 * 1960  – Veselin Matić, Serbian basketball player and coach
 * 1960  – Fritz Walter, German footballer
 * 1961 – Morris Iemma, Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales
 * 1961  – Jim Martin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1962 – Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale, English businessman
 * 1963 – Kevin Poole, English footballer and manager
 * 1963  – Giant Silva, Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler
 * 1964 – Steve Collins, Irish boxer and actor
 * 1964  – Ross Kemp, English actor and producer
 * 1964  – Jens Weißflog, German ski jumper and journalist
 * 1965 – Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer and lawyer
 * 1965  – Mike Bordick, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
 * 1966 – Arija Bareikis, American actress
 * 1966  – Sarah Waters, Welsh author
 * 1968 – Brandi Chastain, American soccer player and sportscaster
 * 1968 – Aditya Srivastava, Indian actor
 * 1968 – Lyle Odelein, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1969 – Godfrey, American comedian and actor
 * 1969 – Klaus Graf, German race car driver
 * 1969 – Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1969 – Isabell Werth, German equestrian
 * 1970 – Michael Fitzpatrick, American singer-songwriter
 * 1971 – Emmanuel Bangué, French long jumper
 * 1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer
 * 1971 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
 * 1972 – Kimera Bartee, American baseball player (d. 2021)
 * 1972 – Korey Cooper, American singer and guitarist
 * 1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan marathon runner
 * 1974 – Geoff Jenkins, American baseball player and coach
 * 1974 – René Reinumägi, Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter
 * 1975 – Christopher Barzak, American author and educator
 * 1975 – David Dastmalchian, American actor
 * 1975 – Cara Dillon, Irish singer-songwriter
 * 1975 – Ravindra Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan cricketer
 * 1975 – Mike Sellers, American football player
 * 1976 – Cori Bush, American politician
 * 1976 – Jalmari Helander, Finnish film director and screenwriter
 * 1976 – Jaime Murray, English actress
 * 1977 – Paul Casey, English golfer
 * 1978 – Justin Bartha, American actor
 * 1978 – Anderson da Silva Gibin, Brazilian footballer
 * 1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor
 * 1978 – Julian Huppert, English academic and politician
 * 1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer
 * 1978 – Gary Teale, Scottish footballer
 * 1979 – David Carr, American football player
 * 1979 – Tamika Catchings, American basketball player
 * 1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer
 * 1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer
 * 1980 – Jon Dorenbos, American football player
 * 1980 – Justin Griffith, American football player
 * 1980 – Sandra Laoura, French skier
 * 1980 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player
 * 1980 – Yvonne Sampson, Australian journalist and sportscaster
 * 1980 – Heath Scotland, Australian rules footballer
 * 1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress
 * 1981 – Anabelle Langlois, Canadian figure skater
 * 1981 – Joaquín, Spanish footballer
 * 1981 – Blake Lewis, American musician, American Idol contestant
 * 1981 – Romeo Santos, American singer-songwriter
 * 1981 – Stefan Schumacher, German cyclist
 * 1982 – Jason Cram, Australian swimmer
 * 1982 – Mao Kobayashi, Japanese newscaster and actress (d. 2017)
 * 1983 – Kellen Winslow II, American football player
 * 1984 – Jurrick Juliana, Dutch footballer
 * 1984 – Liam Ridgewell, English footballer
 * 1985 – Mati Lember, Estonian footballer
 * 1985 – Von Wafer, American basketball player
 * 1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer
 * 1986 – Rebecca Ferguson, American-English singer-songwriter
 * 1986 – Jason Thompson, American basketball player
 * 1987 – Peter Doocy, American journalist
 * 1987 – Bilel Mohsni, French footballer
 * 1987 – Jesús Zavala, Mexican footballer
 * 1988 – KB, American rapper
 * 1988 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player
 * 1988 – Chris Mitchell, Scottish footballer (d. 2016)
 * 1989 – Rory Culkin, American actor
 * 1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican footballer
 * 1989 – Juno Temple, English actress
 * 1989 – Jamie Waylett, British actor
 * 1990 – Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete
 * 1990 – Chris Martin, English footballer
 * 1990 – Jason Roy, South African-English cricketer
 * 1990 – Erislandy Savón, Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer
 * 1991 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
 * 1992 – Jude Adjei-Barimah, Italian-American football player
 * 1992 – Jessica Barden, English actress
 * 1992 – Julia Beljajeva, Estonian épée fencer
 * 1992 – Burak Çelik, Turkish actor and model
 * 1992 – Da$H, American rapper
 * 1992 – Giovanni De Gennaro, Italian slalom canoeist
 * 1992 – Charlotte de Witte, Belgian DJ and record producer
 * 1992 – Dawid Dryja, Polish volleyball player
 * 1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater
 * 1992 – Marcus Harris, Australian cricketer
 * 1992 – Jonathon Jennings, American Canadian football player
 * 1992 – Dante Marini, American soccer player
 * 1992 – Henry Owens, American baseball pitcher
 * 1992 – Andrew Rayel, Moldovan DJ and producer
 * 1992 – Yuka Sato, Japanese javelin thrower
 * 1992 – Miles Ukaoma, American-born Nigerian hurdler
 * 1996 – Mikael Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian footballer
 * 1998 – Marie Bouzkova, Czech tennis player
 * 1999 – Evan McPherson, American football player
 * 2000 – Erling Haaland, Norwegian footballer
 * 2006 – Endrick, Brazilian footballer

Pre-1600

 * 658 – K'an II, Mayan ruler (b. 588)
 * 710 – Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty
 * 710 – Wei, empress of the Tang dynasty
 * 710 – Shangguan Wan'er, Chinese poet (b. 664)
 * 987 – Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
 * 1259 – Gojong of Goryeo
 * 1403 – Henry Percy, English soldier (b. 1364)
 * 1403 – Sir Walter Blount, English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV
 * 1403 – Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, English soldier
 * 1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1350)
 * 1552 – Antonio de Mendoza, Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495)

1601–1900

 * 1688 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1610)
 * 1793 – Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French admiral, explorer, and politician (b. 1739)
 * 1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (b. 1759)
 * 1798 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (b. 1733)
 * 1798 – Anthony Perry, Irish rebel leader (b. ca. 1760)
 * 1868 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789)
 * 1878 – Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851)
 * 1880 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800)
 * 1889 – Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813)
 * 1899 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)

1901–present

 * 1920 – Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864)
 * 1928 – Ellen Terry, English actress (b. 1847)
 * 1932 – Bill Gleason, American baseball player (b. 1858)
 * 1938 – Owen Wister, American lawyer and author (b. 1860)
 * 1941 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and scholar (b. 1872)
 * 1943 – Charley Paddock, American runner and actor (b. 1900)
 * 1943  – Louis Vauxcelles, French art critic (b. 1870)
 * 1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier (b. 1907)
 * 1946 – Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908)
 * 1948 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904)
 * 1952 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. (b. 1856)
 * 1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member (b. 1884)
 * 1967 – Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
 * 1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
 * 1967 – Basil Rathbone, South African-American actor and singer (b. 1892)
 * 1968 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878)
 * 1970 – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907)
 * 1970 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (b. 1945)
 * 1972 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (b. 1889)
 * 1972 – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1928)
 * 1977 – Lee Miller, American model and photographer (b. 1907)
 * 1982 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (b. 1913)
 * 1991 – Paul Warwick, English race car driver (b. 1969)
 * 1994 – Marijac, French author and illustrator (b. 1908)
 * 1997 – Olaf Kopvillem, Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1926)
 * 1998 – Alan Shepard, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1923)
 * 1998 – Robert Young, American actor and singer (b. 1907)
 * 2000 – Marc Reisner, American environmentalist and author (b. 1948)
 * 2002 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (b. 1908)
 * 2003 – John Davies, English-New Zealand runner and coach (b. 1938)
 * 2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1929)
 * 2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
 * 2005 – Long John Baldry, English-Canadian singer and actor (b. 1941)
 * 2005 – Lord Alfred Hayes, English-American wrestler and manager (b. 1928)
 * 2006 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese-American actor and singer (b. 1933)
 * 2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian soldier and monk (b. 1926)
 * 2007 – Dubravko Škiljan, Croatian linguist and academic (b. 1949)
 * 2008 – Donald Stokes, English businessman (b. 1914)
 * 2010 – Luis Corvalán, Chilean educator and politician (b. 1916)
 * 2010 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1919)
 * 2010 – John E. Irving, Canadian businessman (b. 1932)
 * 2012 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (b. 1941)
 * 2012 – Marie Kruckel, American baseball player (b. 1924)
 * 2012 – Ali Podrimja, Albanian poet and author (b. 1942)
 * 2012 – James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot (b. 1916)
 * 2012 – Angharad Rees, English-b. Welsh actress (b. 1944)
 * 2012 – Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (b. 1937)
 * 2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988)
 * 2013 – Lourembam Brojeshori Devi, Indian martial artist (b. 1981)
 * 2013 – Det de Beus, Dutch field hockey player (b. 1958)
 * 2013 – Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom, Colombian-French composer and educator (b. 1971)
 * 2013 – Fred Taylor, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
 * 2014 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (b. 1926)
 * 2014 – Dan Borislow, American businessman, invented the magicJack (b. 1961)
 * 2014 – Lettice Curtis, English engineer and pilot (b. 1915)
 * 2014 – Hans-Peter Kaul, German lawyer and judge (b. 1943)
 * 2014 – Rilwanu Lukman, Nigerian engineer and politician (b. 1938)
 * 2014 – Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player and boxer (b. 1927)
 * 2015 – Robert Broberg, Swedish singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
 * 2015 – E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1931)
 * 2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947)
 * 2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918)
 * 2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949)
 * 2016 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (b. 1949)
 * 2017 – John Heard, American film and television actor (b. 1946)
 * 2018 – Alene Duerk, U.S. Navy first female admiral (b. 1920)
 * 2020 – Annie Ross, Scottish-American singer and actress (b. 1930)
 * 2020 – Andrew Mlangeni, South African political activist (b. 1925)
 * 2023 – Tony Bennett, American singer (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

 * Christian feast day:
 * Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church)
 * Arbogast
 * Barhadbesciabas
 * Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church)
 * Daniel (Catholic Church)
 * Lawrence of Brindisi
 * Praxedes
 * Victor of Marseilles
 * July 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Liberation Day in 1944 (Guam)
 * Belgian National Day (Belgium)
 * Racial Harmony Day (Singapore)
 * Summer Kazanskaya (Russia)