Kayagar languages

The Kayagar languages are a small family of four closely related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around the Cook River in Province of South Papua, Indonesia:


 * Atohwaim (Kaugat)
 * Gondu River
 * Kayagar (Kaygir)
 * Tamagario (Arare–Pagai)
 * Yogo ('Tamagario')

Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:

! !!colspan=2|Gondu River!!colspan=2|Atohwaim ! !!sg!!pl!!sg!!pl !1 !2 !3
 * nax ||*nep ||naxa ||nipi, neβi
 * ax ||*akan ||axa ||aʔani
 * ek ||*wep ||– ||–
 * }

Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Proto-Gondu River
 * head || *toxom
 * hair || *upm
 * ear || *itipaːm
 * eye || *sakam
 * nose || *jup
 * tooth || *o[x/ɣ]om
 * tongue || *maetap
 * foot/leg || *apit
 * blood || *jes
 * bone || *nomop
 * skin/bark || *pip
 * breast || *etum
 * louse || *num
 * dog || *epe
 * pig || *wakum
 * bird || *suopam
 * egg || *map-jaxam
 * tree/wood || *wom
 * man/person || *jo[k]
 * woman || *enop
 * sun || *taːm
 * moon || *xa[x/ɣ]atam
 * water || *o[x/ɣ]om
 * fire || *atu
 * stone || *maitn
 * path || *kamein
 * name || *na[k]
 * eat || *xapti
 * one || *pa[x/ɣ]amo[x/k]
 * two || *tousiki
 * }
 * bird || *suopam
 * egg || *map-jaxam
 * tree/wood || *wom
 * man/person || *jo[k]
 * woman || *enop
 * sun || *taːm
 * moon || *xa[x/ɣ]atam
 * water || *o[x/ɣ]om
 * fire || *atu
 * stone || *maitn
 * path || *kamein
 * name || *na[k]
 * eat || *xapti
 * one || *pa[x/ɣ]amo[x/k]
 * two || *tousiki
 * }
 * fire || *atu
 * stone || *maitn
 * path || *kamein
 * name || *na[k]
 * eat || *xapti
 * one || *pa[x/ɣ]amo[x/k]
 * two || *tousiki
 * }
 * eat || *xapti
 * one || *pa[x/ɣ]amo[x/k]
 * two || *tousiki
 * }
 * two || *tousiki
 * }

Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Atohwaim !! Kayagar !! Tamagario ! head ! hair ! ear ! eye ! nose ! tooth ! tongue ! leg ! louse ! dog ! pig ! bird ! egg ! blood ! bone ! skin ! breast ! tree ! man ! woman ! sun ! moon ! water ! fire ! stone ! road, path ! eat ! one ! two
 * tikem || toxom || tokom
 * upm || owpm || upm
 * icoxop || iripam || ipiram
 * saam || saxam || sakam
 * opom || jup || jup
 * ukoxom || oxom || ukom
 * menaxaram || marap || marap
 * apir || apir || apir
 * numu || soːm ||
 * upoc || epere; epe(re) || epe
 * wakum || wakum || wakum
 * wakem || səpam || towpam
 * mapiam || mapiaxam || mapiakam
 * wis || jes; yes || jet; yet
 * nömöp || namop; nəmop || nomop
 * piep || pip || pip
 * ötöm || || erem
 * wim || wom || wom
 * mapirie || jo; yo || jo; yo
 * enepe || onop || onop
 * teme || taam || taam
 * kaʔaram || xaxaram || kakaram
 * oxom || oxom || okom
 * acu || aru || aru
 * iki || kakup || maitu
 * sepmop || xami || kame
 * owp || xapri || kapri
 * papriaxap || paxamu || pakamok
 * coopm || tosigi || totigi
 * }