1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections were held in 31 states for all 234 seats between August 4, 1854, and November 6, 1855, during President Franklin Pierce's term. Each state legislature separately set a date to elect representatives to the House of Representatives before the 34th Congress convened its first session on December 3, 1855.

This midterm election was among the most disruptive in American history, auguring the collapse of the Second Party System. Both major parties, the Democratic Party and the Whig Party, organized as rivals for roughly 20 years, lost critical voter support. Northern voters strongly opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act shifted sharply against Democrats. Whigs also lost seats as the party disintegrated over slavery.

The elected majority temporarily coalesced as the Opposition Party. This transitional party included Whigs, Free Soil members, American Party members or Know Nothings, the People's Party of Indiana, Anti-Nebraska candidates, disaffected Northern Democrats, and members of the nascent Republican Party, which soon would absorb most of these factions and replace the Whigs to rival the Democrats.

Candidates opposed to the Democratic Party won widely in the North through November 1854. The American Party, ignoring slavery and opposing immigration (particularly by Catholics from Ireland and Germany) won seats from both major parties, but to the net loss of Democrats, in New England and the South from November 1854 into 1855.

Congress had passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act in May 1854 after aggressive sponsorship by the Pierce Administration and Democrats led by Senator Stephen Douglas, including radical pro-slavery legislators. The Act repealed the 1820 Missouri Compromise and triggered the Bleeding Kansas conflict. With widely foreseen risks and immediately negative results, the act publicly discredited the Democratic Party, fueling new partisan and sectional rancor. It created violent uncertainty on the frontier by abruptly making slavery potentially legal in territories originally comprising the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase and attractive to contemporary settlers. Settlers were expected to determine the status of slavery locally. This idea appealed to Democratic politicians and to some voters, but proved unworkable in Kansas where the status of slavery would be violently disputed between more numerous Northern settlers and geographically closer Southern settlers. Even some pro-slavery legislators and voters, particularly Southern Whigs, felt repealing the Missouri Compromise was politically reckless and attempting to push slavery by law and force into territories where most settlers predictably were unlikely to want it endangered slavery everywhere, even in the South. These fears proved prescient.

More than 21 representatives vied for the post of speaker of the House. After two months and 133 ballots, American Party representative Nathaniel Banks of Massachusetts, also a Free Soiler, defeated Democrat William Aiken of South Carolina by plurality, 103–100. To date, Banks is the only speaker to come from a third party.

Special elections
There were four special elections to the 33rd United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

! PA's 8th congressional district New member elected February 4, 1854. Democratic hold.
 * Henry A. Muhlenberg
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent died January 9, 1854.
 * nowrap | ✅ Jehu Glancy Jones (Democratic) 60.01%

William H. Keim (Whig) 39.99%

! MA's 1st congressional district New member elected April 17, 1854. Whig hold.
 * Zeno Scudder
 * | Whig
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent resigned March 4, 1854.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas D. Eliot (Whig) 52.04%

Abraham H. Howland (Independent) 47.96%

! NY's 12th congressional district New member elected November 7, 1854. Whig gain.
 * Gilbert Dean
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent resigned July 3, 1854.
 * nowrap | ✅ Isaac Teller (Whig) 50.56%

Samuel Morse (Soft-Shell Democratic) 31.27%

Charles Robinson (Hard-Shell Democratic) 18.17%

! KY's 3rd congressional district New member elected November 13, 1854. Whig hold.
 * Presley Ewing
 * | Whig
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent died September 27, 1854.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis Bristow (Whig) 81.58%

A. J. Halberson (Unknown) 18.42%


 * }

Alabama
! AL's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Philip Phillips
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Percy Walker (Know Nothing) 52.40%

James Adams Stallworth (Democratic) 47.60%

! AL's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * James Abercrombie
 * | Whig
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Eli Sims Shorter (Democratic) 54.89%

Julius Caesar Alford (Know Nothing) 45.11%

! AL's 3rd congressional district
 * James Ferguson Dowdell
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Ferguson Dowdell (Democratic) 52.20%

Thomas H. Watts (Know Nothing) 47.80%

! AL's 4th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * William Russell Smith
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Russell Smith (Know Nothing) 59.83%

Sydenham Moore (Democratic) 40.17%

! AL's 5th congressional district
 * George S. Houston
 * | Democratic
 * 1843
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George S. Houston (Democratic) 100.00%

unopposed

! AL's 6th congressional district
 * Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb
 * | Democratic
 * 1847
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb (Democratic) 62.87%

James M. Adams (Independent) 37.13%

! AL's 7th congressional district
 * Sampson Willis Harris
 * | Democratic
 * 1847
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Sampson Willis Harris (Democratic)


 * }

Arkansas
! AR's 1st congressional district
 * Alfred B. Greenwood
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alfred B. Greenwood (Democratic) 97.99%

W. C. Myrtle (Independent) 2.01%

! AR's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Edward A. Warren
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Albert Rust (Democratic) 67.0%

E. G. Walker (Whig) 32.9%


 * }

California
Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858.

! rowspan=2 | CA At-large 2 seats New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Milton S. Latham
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent withdrew.
 * rowspan=2 nowrap | (Elected on a general ticket)✅ James W. Denver (anti-Broderick Democratic) 22.41%

✅ Philemon T. Herbert (anti-Broderick Democratic) 22.24%

George Washington Bowie (Whig) 21.14%

Calhoun Benham (Whig) 20.94%

James Churchman (Broderick Democratic) 6.09%

James A. McDougall (Broderick Democratic) 6.07%

Milton S. Latham (Broderick Democratic) 1.12%

New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * James A. McDougall
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.


 * }

Connecticut
! CT's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * James T. Pratt
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ezra Clark Jr. (Know Nothing) 52.11%

James T. Pratt (Democratic) 47.89%

! CT's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Colin M. Ingersoll
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Woodruff (Know Nothing) 55.50%

Samuel Arnold (Democratic) 44.50%

! CT's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Nathan Belcher
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Sidney Dean (Know Nothing) 67.51%

Joel W. White (Democratic) 32.49%

! CT's 4th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Origen S. Seymour
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William W. Welch (Know Nothing) 56.07%

William H. Noble (Democratic) 43.94%


 * }

Delaware


! DE At-large New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * George R. Riddle
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Elisha D. Cullen (Know Nothing) 51.85%

George R. Riddle (Democratic) 48.15%


 * }

Florida
! FL At-large
 * Augustus Maxwell
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Augustus Maxwell (Democratic) 55.26%

Thomas Brown (Whig) 44.74%


 * }

Georgia
! GA's 1st congressional district
 * James Lindsay Seward
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Lindsay Seward (Democratic) 57.62%

Samuel Varnadoe (Know Nothing) 42.38%

! GA's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Alfred H. Colquitt
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Martin J. Crawford (Democratic) 51.99%

Willis Hawkins (Know Nothing) 48.01%

! GA's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * David Jackson Bailey
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Robert Pleasant Trippe (Know Nothing) 53.97%

James Milton Smith (Democratic) 46.03%

! GA's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * William Barton Wade Dent
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Hiram B. Warner (Democratic) 50.26%

Benjamin Harvey Hill (Know Nothing) 49.74%

! GA's 5th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Elijah Webb Chastain
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Henry Lumpkin (Democratic) 58.61%

Lewis Tumblin (Know Nothing) 41.39%

! GA's 6th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Junius Hillyer
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Howell Cobb (Democratic) 63.78%

Leonidas Franklin (Know Nothing) 36.22%

! GA's 7th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * David Addison Reese
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Nathaniel Greene Foster (Know Nothing) 51.13%

Linton Stephens (Democratic) 48.87%

! GA's 8th congressional district Democratic gain.
 * Alexander Stephens
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alexander Stephens (Democratic)


 * }

Illinois
! IL's 1st congressional district Republican gain.
 * Elihu B. Washburne
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Elihu B. Washburne (Republican) 69.33%

William M. Jackson (Democratic) 22.99%

E. P. Ferry (Anti-Nebraska) 7.68%

! IL's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * John Wentworth
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ James H. Woodworth (Republican) 53.05%

Robert S. Blackwell (Whig) 19.84%

John B. Turner (Democratic) 19.48%

Edward L. Mayo (Anti-Nebraska) 7.63%

! IL's 3rd congressional district Republican gain.
 * Jesse O. Norton
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Jesse O. Norton (Republican) 62.76%

John A. Drake (Democratic) 37.24%

! IL's 4th congressional district Republican gain.
 * James Knox
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Knox (Republican) 57.22%

William McMurtry (Democratic) 42.79%

! IL's 5th congressional district
 * William A. Richardson
 * | Democratic
 * 1847 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William A. Richardson (Democratic) 52.38%

Archibald Williams (Republican) 47.62%

! IL's 6th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Richard Yates
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas L. Harris (Democratic) 50.50%

Richard Yates (Whig) 49.50%

! IL's 7th congressional district Election disqualified. Democratic loss.
 * James C. Allen
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | James C. Allen (Democratic) 50.00%

William Beatty Archer (Whig) 50.00%

! IL's 8th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * William Henry Bissell
 * | Independent Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lyman Trumbull (Democratic) 59.87%

Philip Bond Fouke (Democratic) 40.13%

! IL's 9th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Willis Allen
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel S. Marshall (Democratic) 64.67%

G. Jay S. Turney (Republican) 22.15%

DeWitt C. Barber (Unknown) 9.71%

A. Grow (Unknown) 2.05%

S. A. Rowan (Unknown) 1.42%


 * }

Indiana
! IN's 1st congressional district
 * Smith Miller
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Smith Miller (Democratic) 52.15%

Sam Hall (People's) 47.85%

! IN's 2nd congressional district
 * William Hayden English
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Hayden English (Democratic) 51.70%

Thomas C. Slaught (People's) 48.30%

! IN's 3rd congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Cyrus L. Dunham
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ George G. Dunn (People's) 54.53%

Cyrus L. Dunham (Democratic) 45.47%

! IN's 4th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * James H. Lane
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Cumback (People's) 51.92%

William G. Holman (Democratic) 48.08%

! IN's 5th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Samuel W. Parker
 * | Whig
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ David P. Holloway (People's) 64.25%

J. J. Buckles (Democratic) 35.76%

! IN's 6th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Thomas A. Hendricks
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lucien Barbour (People's) 51.41%

Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic) 48.59%

! IN's 7th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * John G. Davis
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Harvey D. Scott (People's) 52.58%

John G. Davis (Democratic) 47.42%

! IN's 8th congressional district People's gain.
 * Daniel Mace
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Daniel Mace (People's) 56.92%

James Davis (Democratic) 43.08%

! IN's 9th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Norman Eddy
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Schuyler Colfax (People's) 54.85%

Norman Eddy (Democratic) 45.15%

! IN's 10th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Ebenezer M. Chamberlain
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Brenton (People's) 56.00%

Ebenezer M. Chamberlain (Democratic) 44.00%

! IN's 11th congressional district New member elected. People's gain.
 * Andrew J. Harlan
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John U. Pettit (People's) 56.59%

James R. Slack (Democratic) 43.41%


 * }

Iowa
! IA's 1st congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Bernhart Henn
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Augustus Hall (Democratic) 50.27%

R. L. Clark (Whig) 49.50%

J. L. Ashbaugh (Independent) 0.23%

! IA's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Whig hold.
 * William Vandever
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Thorington (Whig) 53.33%

Stephen P. Hempstead (Democratic) 46.09%

Augustus Hall (Independent) 0.57%


 * }

Kentucky
Source: Tribune Almanac

! KY's 1st congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Linn Boyd
 * | Democratic
 * 1839
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry C. Burnett (Democratic) 61.77%

Hughes (Know Nothing) 38.23%

! KY's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Benjamin E. Grey
 * | Whig
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John P. Campbell Jr.  (Know Nothing) 55.30%

Samuel Peyton (Democratic) 44.70%

! KY's 3rd congressional district
 * Francis Bristow
 * | Whig
 * 1854 (special)
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Warner Underwood (Know Nothing) 56.89%

James P. Bates (Democratic) 43.12%

! KY's 4th congressional district
 * James Chrisman
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Albert G. Talbott (Democratic) 50.06%

Fountain T. Fox (Know Nothing) 49.94%

! KY's 5th congressional district
 * Clement S. Hill
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Joshua Jewett (Democratic) 51.64%

C. G. Wintersmith (Whig) 48.37%

! KY's 6th congressional district
 * John Milton Elliott
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Milton Elliott (Democratic) 54.80%

George W. Dunlap (Know Nothing) 45.20%

! KY's 7th congressional district
 * William Preston
 * | Whig
 * 1852 (special)
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Humphrey Marshall (Know Nothing) 61.29%

William Preston (Whig) 38.71%

! KY's 8th congressional district
 * John C. Breckinridge
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alexander Keith Marshall (Know Nothing) 55.98%

James O. Harrison (Democratic) 44.02%

! rowspan=2 | KY's 9th congressional district
 * Leander Cox
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Know Nothing gain.
 * rowspan=2 nowrap | ✅ Leander Cox (Know Nothing) 55.06%

Richard H. Stanton (Democratic) 44.94%


 * Richard H. Stanton Redistricted from the KY's 10th congressional district
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.

! KY's 10th congressional district
 * colspan=3 | None (New district)
 * | New seat. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel F. Swope (Know Nothing) 51.72%

Henry C. Harris (Democratic) 48.28%


 * }

Louisiana
! LA's 1st congressional district
 * William Dunbar
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ George Eustis Jr. (Know Nothing) 53.40%

Albert Fabre (Democratic) 46.60%

! LA's 2nd congressional district
 * Theodore Gaillard Hunt
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Miles Taylor (Democratic) 51.54%

Theodore Gaillard Hunt (Know Nothing) 48.46%

! LA's 3rd congressional district
 * John Perkins Jr.
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas G. Davidson (Democratic) 50.62%

Preston Pond Jr. (Know Nothing) 49.38%

! LA's 4th congressional district
 * Roland Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ John M. Sandidge (Democratic) 58.05%

William B. Lewis (Know Nothing) 41.95%


 * }

Maine
! ME's 1st congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Moses Macdonald
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John M. Wood (Republican) 59.36%

Samuel Wells (Democratic) 39.91%

Lorenzo D. Wilkinson (Independent) 0.74%

! ME's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Samuel Mayall
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John J. Perry (Republican) 56.88%

William K. Kimball (Democratic) 42.46%

Charles J. Gilman (Independent) 0.66%

! ME's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * E. Wilder Farley
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ebenezer Knowlton (Republican) 43.94%

Jonathan G. Dickerson (Democratic) 30.78%

E. Wilder Farley (Whig) 25.28%

! ME's 4th congressional district Republican gain.
 * Samuel P. Benson
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel P. Benson (Republican) 77.05%

George Rogers (Democratic) 22.95%

! ME's 5th congressional district Republican gain.
 * Israel Washburn Jr.
 * | Whig
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Israel Washburn Jr. (Republican) 63.09%

Samuel H. Blake (Democratic) 36.91%

! ME's 6th congressional district
 * Thomas J. D. Fuller
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas J. D. Fuller (Democratic) 42.39%

James A. Milliken (Republican) 38.74%

Noah Smith (Whig) 18.88%


 * }

Maryland
! MD's 1st congressional district
 * John Rankin Franklin
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Augustus Stewart (Democratic) 51.27%

John Dennis (Know Nothing) 48.73%

! MD's 2nd congressional district
 * Jacob Shower
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Barroll Ricaud (Know Nothing) 56.58%

Jacob Shower (Democratic) 43.42%

! MD's 3rd congressional district
 * Joshua Van Sant
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Morrison Harris (Know Nothing) 50.21%

Joshua Van Sant (Democratic) 49.79%

! MD's 4th congressional district
 * William Thomas Hamilton
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Winter Davis (Know Nothing) 52.36%

William Thomas Hamilton (Democratic) 47.64%

! MD's 5th congressional district
 * Henry May
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry William Hoffman (Know Nothing) 51.60%

Henry May (Democratic) 48.40%

! MD's 6th congressional district
 * Augustus Rhodes Sollers
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas Fielder Bowie (Democratic) 53.93%

William Watkins (Know Nothing) 46.07%


 * }

Massachusetts
! MA's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Thomas D. Eliot
 * | Whig
 * 1854 (special)
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Robert B. Hall (Know Nothing) 63.70%

Thomas D. Eliot (Whig) 26.63%

Abraham H. Rowland (Democratic) 9.66%

! MA's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Samuel L. Crocker
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Buffinton (Know Nothing) 68.25%

Samuel L. Crocker (Whig) 16.20%

Charles R. Vickery (Democratic) 9.01%

Gersham B. Weston (Free Soil) 6.55%

! MA's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * J. Wiley Edmands
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William S. Damrell (Know Nothing) 74.76%

Nathaniel F. Safford (Whig) 16.67%

Edward Avery (Democratic) 5.38%

Arthur W. Austin (Independent) 2.26%

! MA's 4th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Samuel H. Walley
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Linus B. Comins (Know Nothing) 57.45%

Samuel H. Walley (Whig) 32.00%

Samuel R. Skinner (Democratic) 10.55%

! MA's 5th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * William Appleton
 * | Whig
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Anson Burlingame (Know Nothing) 61.64%

William Appleton (Whig) 32.12%

William Parmenter (Democratic) 6.24%

! MA's 6th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Charles W. Upham
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Timothy Davis (Know Nothing) 65.39%

Charles W. Upham (Whig) 28.44%

Nathaniel J. Lord (Democratic) 5.57%

George Hood (Independent) 0.59%

! MA's 7th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Nathaniel P. Banks
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Nathaniel P. Banks (Know Nothing) 73.53%

Luther Bell (Whig) 20.43%

Bowen Buckman (Democratic) 6.04%

! MA's 8th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Tappan Wentworth
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Chauncey L. Knapp (Know Nothing) 62.80%

Tappan Wentworth (Whig) 31.88%

Daniel Needham (Democratic) 5.32%

! MA's 9th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Alexander DeWitt
 * | Free Soil
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alexander DeWitt (Know Nothing) 76.97%

Isaac Davis (Democratic) 13.36%

Ira M. Barton (Whig) 7.45%

Alfred Mowrey (Independent) 1.42%

William P. Marble (Independent) 0.46%

Scattering 0.34%

! MA's 10th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Edward Dickinson
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Calvin C. Chaffee (Know Nothing) 65.35%

Edward Dickinson (Whig) 23.33%

Stephen C. Bemis (Democratic) 11.32%

! MA's 11th congressional district
 * John Z. Goodrich
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Mark Trafton (Know Nothing) 50.52%

John Z. Goodrich (Whig) 30.42%

Whiting Griswold (Democratic) 19.06%


 * }

Michigan
! MI's 1st congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * David Stuart
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Alanson Howard (Republican) 53.10%

David Stuart (Democratic) 46.90%

! MI's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * David A. Noble
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Waldron (Republican) 57.67%

David A. Noble (Democratic) 42.33%

! MI's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Samuel Clark
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ David S. Walbridge (Republican) 44.17%

Samuel Clark (Democratic) 55.83%

! MI's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Hestor L. Stevens
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ George Washington Peck (Democratic) 53.25%

Moses Wisner (Republican) 46.75%


 * }

Mississippi
! MS's 1st congressional district
 * Daniel B. Wright
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Daniel B. Wright (Democratic) 55.5%
 * nowrap | ✅ Daniel B. Wright (Democratic) 55.5%

J. H. Taylor (Know Nothing) 44.5%

! MS's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * William S. Barry
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired to run for state representative.
 * | Incumbent retired to run for state representative.
 * nowrap | ✅ Hendley S. Bennett (Democratic) 51.6%

L. E. Houston (Know Nothing) 48.4%

! MS's 3rd congressional district Redistricted from the MS's at-large congressional district
 * William Barksdale
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Barksdale (Democratic) 55.5%
 * nowrap | ✅ William Barksdale (Democratic) 55.5%

Joseph B. Cobb (Know Nothing) 44.5%

! MS's 4th congressional district Redistricted from the MS's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Otho R. Singleton
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ William A. Lake (Know Nothing) 50.8%

Otho R. Singleton (Democratic) 49.2%

! MS's 5th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * colspan=3 | None (New seat)
 * | New seat.
 * nowrap | ✅ John A. Quitman (Democratic) 59.4%

Giles M. Hillyer (Know Nothing) 40.6%


 * }

Missouri
! MO's 1st congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Thomas Hart Benton
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Luther M. Kennett (Whig) 54.16%

Thomas Hart Benton (Benton Democratic) 45.84%

! MO's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Alfred W. Lamb
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Gilchrist Porter (Whig) 54.14%

Tully Cornick (Benton Democratic) 45.86%

! MO's 3rd congressional district
 * James J. Lindley
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James J. Lindley (Whig) 52.46%

Augustus W. Fournoy (Democratic) 47.54%

! MO's 4th congressional district
 * Mordecai Oliver
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Mordecai Oliver (Whig) 41.95%

S.L. Leonard (Democratic) 34.21%

Shelton J. Howe (Benton Democratic) 19.08%

J. F. Pitt (Ind. Whig) 4.76%

! MO's 5th congressional district
 * John G. Miller
 * | Whig
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John G. Miller (Whig) 46.12%

Thomas L. Price (Benton Democratic) 35.50%

Warwick Hough (Democratic) 18.38%

! MO's 6th congressional district
 * John S. Phelps
 * | Democratic
 * 1844
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John S. Phelps (Democratic) 51.10%

Waldo P. Johnson (Benton Democratic) 48.90%

! MO's 7th congressional district
 * Samuel Caruthers
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Caruthers (Whig) 58.85%

Charles Jones (Democratic) 41.15%


 * }

New Hampshire
! NH's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * George W. Kittredge
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Pike (Know Nothing)

George W. Kittredge (Democratic)

! NH's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * George W. Morrison
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Mason Tappan (Know Nothing)

George W. Morrison (Democratic)

! NH's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Harry Hibbard
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Aaron H. Cragin (Know Nothing)


 * }

New Jersey
! NJ's 1st congressional district
 * Nathan T. Stratton
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Isaiah D. Clawson (Whig) 42.94%

Thomas W. Mulford (Democratic) 30.02%

John W. Hazelton (Temperance) 27.05%

! NJ's 2nd congressional district
 * Charles Skelton
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ George R. Robbins (Whig) 57.56%

Nathaniel S. Rue (Democratic) 42.44%

! NJ's 3rd congressional district
 * Samuel Lilly
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Bishop (Whig) 54.35%

Samuel Lilly (Democratic) 45.65%

! NJ's 4th congressional district
 * George Vail
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George Vail (Democratic) 51.65%

Peter Osborne (Anti-Nebraska) 48.35%

! NJ's 5th congressional district
 * Alexander C. M. Pennington
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alexander C. M. Pennington (Whig) 54.42%

John Darcy (Democratic) 45.58%


 * }

New York
! NY's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * James Maurice
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Valk (Know Nothing) 31.19%

Daniel B. Allen (Hard Shell Democratic) 20.49%

Harvey W. Vail (Whig) 19.81%

Frederick Lord (Soft Shell Democratic) 16.48%

Gabriel P. Disosway (Temperance) 11.40%

! NY's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Thomas W. Cumming
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ James S. T. Stranahan (Whig) 50.98%

George Taylor (Democratic) 49.02%

! NY's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Hiram Walbridge
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Guy R. Pelton (Whig) 49.06%

George D. Clinton (Hard Shell Democratic) 30.70%

William Miner (Soft Shell Democratic) 20.24%

! NY's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Michael Walsh
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Kelly (Soft Shell Democratic) 40.54%

Michael Walsh (Hard Shell Democratic) 40.30%

Sanford L. Macomber (Whig) 10.89%

John W. Boyce (Know Nothing) 8.27%

! NY's 5th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * William M. Tweed
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas R. Whitney (Know Nothing) 30.86%

George H. Andrews (Whig) 25.71%

Phillip Hamilton (Hard Shell Democratic) 25.27%

Abraham J. Berry (Soft Shell Democratic) 18.16%

! NY's 6th congressional district
 * John Wheeler
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Wheeler (Hard Shell Democratic) 51.58%

John M. Murphy (Soft Shell Democratic) 25.61%

Charles H. Marshall (Whig) 22.81%

! NY's 7th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * William A. Walker
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas Child Jr. (Whig) 56.29%

William D. Kennedy (Democratic) 43.71%

! NY's 8th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Francis B. Cutting
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Abram Wakeman (Whig) 51.87%

James L. Curtis (Hard Shell Democratic) 32.52%

Edward B. Fellows (Soft Shell Democratic) 15.61%

! NY's 9th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Jared V. Peck
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Bayard Clarke (Whig) 59.56%

Benjamin Brandreth (Hard Shell Democratic) 19.64%

James R. Whiting (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.04%

Jared V. Peck (Anti-Nebraska Democratic) 2.95%

Benjamin V. Bailey (Independent) 2.82%

! NY's 10th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * William Murray
 * |Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ambrose S. Murray (Whig) 44.05%

Charles S. Woodworth (Hard Shell Democratic) 38.59%

Jonathan Stratton (Soft Shell Democratic) 17.36%

! NY's 11th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Theodoric R. Westbrook
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Rufus H. King (Whig) 62.98%

Elisha P. Strong (Democratic) 37.03%

! NY's 12th congressional district New member elected. Whig hold.
 * Isaac Teller
 * |Whig
 * 1854 (special)
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Killian Miller (Whig) 51.07%

Hugh McClelland (Soft Shell Democratic) 33.78%

William H. Wilson (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.16%

! NY's 13th congressional district
 * Russell Sage
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Russell Sage (Whig) 63.22%

Henry A. Clum (Soft Shell Democratic) 18.86%

Alanson Cook (Hard Shell Democratic) 17.92%

! NY's 14th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Rufus W. Peckham
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Dickson (Whig) 30.91%

John W. Harcourt (Know Nothing) 28.45%

John V. L. Pruyn (Soft Shell Democratic) 25.62%

Hamilton David (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.03%

! NY's 15th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Charles Hughes
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edward Dodd (Whig) 37.57%

Orville Clark (Hard Shell Democratic) 35.34%

Charles Hughes (Soft Shell Democratic) 13.73%

James M. Andrews (Temperance) 13.36%

! NY's 16th congressional district
 * George A. Simmons
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George A. Simmons (Whig) 48.18%

Jerome B. Bailey (Know Nothing) 27.06%

Gorton T. Thomas (Soft Shell Democratic) 15.02%

Joseph R. Flanders (Hard Shell Democratic) 9.75%

! NY's 17th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Bishop Perkins
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis E. Spinner (Soft Shell Democratic) 50.62%

Henry P. Alexander (Whig) 36.00%

Nathaniel S. Benton (Hard Shell Democratic) 13.38%

! NY's 18th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Peter Rowe
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas R. Horton (Whig) 51.32%

Isaac Jackson (Democratic) 48.68%

! NY's 19th congressional district New member elected. Whig hold.
 * George W. Chase
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Jonas A. Hughston (Whig) 43.25%

Lewis R. Palmer (Soft Shell Democratic) 41.33%

William B. Hawes (Free Soil) 8.59%

Hezekiah Sturgis (Hard Shell Democratic) 6.84%

! NY's 20th congressional district
 * Orsamus B. Matteson
 * |Whig
 * nowrap | 1848

1850 (retired)

1852


 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Orsamus B. Matteson (Whig) 38.16%

William C. Johnson (Soft Shell Democratic) 30.40%

Benjamin N. Huntington (Independent Whig) 27.98%

Nasman W. Moore (Soft Shell Democratic) 3.46%

! NY's 21st congressional district
 * Henry Bennett
 * |Whig
 * 1848
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Bennett (Whig) 56.03%

Edward Tompkins (Hard Shell Democratic) 32.04%

Oliver C. Crocker (Soft Shell Democratic) 11.93%

! NY's 22nd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Gerrit Smith
 * |Free Soil
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent resigned August 7, 1854.
 * nowrap | ✅ Andrew Z. McCarty (Whig) 32.19%

Leander Babcock (Soft Shell Democratic) 27.50%

Charles G. Case (Free Soil) 21.24%

William Lewis (Hard Shell Democratic) 19.08%

! NY's 23rd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Caleb Lyon
 * |Independent
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William A. Gilbert (Whig) 46.35%

Willard Ives (Soft Shell Democratic) 41.86%

Lysander Brown (Hard Shell Democratic) 11.22%

Reuben Goodale (Abolition) 0.58%

! NY's 24th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Daniel T. Jones
 * |Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Amos P. Granger (Whig) 37.50%

Thomas G. Alvord (Soft Shell Democratic) 32.08%

B. Davis Noxon (Know Nothing) 26.62%

Sanford Parker (Hard Shell Democratic) 3.80%

! NY's 25th congressional district
 * Edwin D. Morgan
 * |Whig
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edwin D. Morgan (Whig) 48.35%

George H. Middleton (Soft Shell Democratic) 43.50%

William F. Aldrich (Hard Shell Democratic) 8.15%

! NY's 26th congressional district
 * Andrew Oliver
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Andrew Oliver (Soft Shell Democratic) 47.74%

James M. Seeley (Whig) 37.06%

Thomas M. Howell (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.20%

! NY's 27th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * John J. Taylor
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John M. Parker (Whig) 61.27%

John G. McDowell (Soft Shell Democratic) 26.45%

Stephen B. Cushing (Hard Shell Democratic) 12.28%

! NY's 28th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * George Hastings
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ William H. Kelsey (Whig) 68.90%

George Hastings (Soft Shell Democratic) 27.72%

Leman Gibbs (Hard Shell Democratic) 3.38%

! NY's 29th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Davis Carpenter
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Williams (Soft Shell Democratic) 47.94%

Davis Carpenter (Whig) 36.13%

Joseph Sibley (Hard Shell Democratic) 15.94%

! NY's 30th congressional district
 * Benjamin Pringle
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin Pringle (Whig) 57.59%

Albert P. Laning (Soft Shell Democratic) 23.62%

Charles W. Belden (Hard Shell Democratic) 14.60%

Nathan V. Hull (Free Soil) 4.19%

! NY's 31st congressional district
 * Thomas T. Flagler
 * |Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas T. Flagler (Whig) 76.63%

Alden S. Blair (Democratic) 13.12%

Edward J. Chase (Free Soil) 10.25%

! NY's 32nd congressional district
 * Solomon G. Haven
 * |Whig
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Solomon G. Haven (Whig) 59.21%

Israel T. Hatch (Soft Shell Democratic) 35.15%

Nelson Randall (Hard Shell Democratic) 5.64%

! NY's 33rd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Reuben Fenton
 * |Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis S. Edwards (Know Nothing) 55.49%

Reuben Fenton (Soft Shell Democratic) 42.47%

Ebenezer A. Lester (Hard Shell Democratic) 1.64%

George W. Patterson (Whig) 0.40%


 * }

North Carolina
! NC's 1st congressional district
 * Henry Marchmore Shaw
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Robert Treat Paine (Know Nothing) 51.71%

Henry Marchmore Shaw (Democratic) 48.29%

! NC's 2nd congressional district
 * Thomas Hart Ruffin
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas Hart Ruffin (Democratic) 66.05%

Thomas J. Latham (Know Nothing) 33.95%

! NC's 3rd congressional district
 * William Shepperd Ashe
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Warren Winslow (Democratic) 54.94%

David Reid (Know Nothing) 45.06%

! NC's 4th congressional district
 * Sion Hart Rogers
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (Democratic) 61.67%

James B. Shepard (Know Nothing) 38.33%

! NC's 5th congressional district
 * John Kerr Jr.
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edwin Godwin Reade (Know Nothing) 65.28%

John Kerr Jr. (Whig) 34.72%

! NC's 6th congressional district
 * Richard Clauselle Puryear
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Richard Clauselle Puryear (Whig) 51.44%

Alfred Moore Scales (Democratic) 48.56%

! NC's 7th congressional district
 * Francis Burton Craige
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis Burton Craige (Democratic) 62.17%

Samuel N. Stowe (Know Nothing) 37.83%

! NC's 8th congressional district
 * Thomas Lanier Clingman
 * | Democratic
 * 1843 1845 (lost) 1847
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas Lanier Clingman (Democratic) 55.10%

Leander B. Carmichael (Know Nothing) 44.90%


 * }

Ohio
! OH's 1st congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * David T. Disney
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Timothy C. Day (Anti-Nebraska) 63.46%

George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 36.54%

! OH's 2nd congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * John Scott Harrison
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Scott Harrison (Anti-Nebraska) 66.03%

William S. Groesbeck (Democratic) 33.97%

! OH's 3rd congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Lewis D. Campbell
 * | Whig
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lewis D. Campbell (Anti-Nebraska) 58.25%

Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 41.75%

! OH's 4th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Matthias H. Nichols
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Matthias H. Nichols (Anti-Nebraska) 70.19%

G. V. Dorsey (Democratic) 29.81%

! OH's 5th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Alfred Edgerton
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Richard Mott (Anti-Nebraska) 61.62%

Henry S. Cowager (Democratic) 38.38%

! OH's 6th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Andrew Ellison
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Jonas R. Emrie (Anti-Nebraska) 65.04%

Andrew Ellison (Democratic) 34.96%

! OH's 7th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Aaron Harlan
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Aaron Harlan (Anti-Nebraska) 81.14%

Benjamin B. Hinkson (Democratic) 18.86%

! OH's 8th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Moses Bledso Corwin
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin Stanton (Anti-Nebraska) 75.84%

Enoch G. Dial (Democratic) 23.10%

J. Newell (Unknown) 1.06%

! OH's 9th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Frederick W. Green
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Cooper K. Watson (Anti-Nebraska) 59.92%

Josiah S. Plants (Democratic) 40.08%

! OH's 10th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * John L. Taylor
 * | Democratic
 * 1846
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Oscar F. Moore (Anti-Nebraska) 65.32%

James W. Davis (Democratic) 34.68%

! OH's 11th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Thomas Ritchey
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Valentine B. Horton (Anti-Nebraska) 58.70%

Lot L. Smith (Democratic) 41.30%

! OH's 12th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Edson B. Olds
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Galloway (Anti-Nebraska) 60.28%

Edson B. Olds (Democratic) 39.72%

! OH's 13th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * William D. Lindsley
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Sherman (Anti-Nebraska) 59.80%

William D. Lindsley (Democratic) 40.21%

! OH's 14th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Harvey H. Johnson
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Philemon Bliss (Anti-Nebraska) 59.26%

Harvey H. Johnson (Democratic) 40.74%

! OH's 15th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * William R. Sapp
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ William R. Sapp (Anti-Nebraska) 58.99%

William Dunbar (Democratic) 41.02%

! OH's 16th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Edward Ball
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edward Ball (Anti-Nebraska) 58.89%

William Galligher (Democratic) 41.11%

! OH's 17th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Wilson Shannon
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles J. Albright (Anti-Nebraska) 58.07%

Daniel H. Wire (Democratic) 41.93%

! OH's 18th congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * George Bliss
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin F. Leiter (Anti-Nebraska) 63.36%

Ebenezer Spaulding (Democratic) 36.64%

! OH's 19th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Edward Wade
 * | Free Soil
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edward Wade (Anti-Nebraska) 71.07%

Eli T. Wilder (Democratic) 28.42%

Irad Kelly (Independent) 0.51%

! OH's 20th congressional district Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Joshua Reed Giddings
 * | Free Soil
 * 1843
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Joshua Reed Giddings (Anti-Nebraska)

! OH's 21st congressional district New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain.
 * Andrew Stuart
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Bingham (Anti-Nebraska)


 * }

Pennsylvania
! PA's 1st congressional district
 * Thomas B. Florence
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas B. Florence (Democratic) 51.77%

Edward Joy Morris (Whig) 48.23%

! PA's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Whig hold.
 * Joseph R. Chandler
 * | Whig
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Job R. Tyson (Whig) 54.63%

John Hamilton (Democratic) 33.82%

Joseph R. Chandler (Ind. Whig) 11.56%

! PA's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * John Robbins
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Millward (Whig) 51.59%

James Landy (Democratic) 48.41%

! PA's 4th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * William Henry Witte
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Jacob Broom (Know Nothing) 49.63%

Henry Myer Phillips (Democratic) 44.08%

John Lambert (Whig) 6.29%

! PA's 5th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * John McNair
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Cadwalader (Democratic) 50.03%

Nathan A. Jones (Whig) 49.97%

! PA's 6th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * William Everhart
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Hickman (Democratic) 58.97%

John M. Broomall (Whig) 41.03%

! PA's 7th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Samuel A. Bridges
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel C. Bradshaw (Republican) 51.03%

Samuel A. Bridges (Democratic) 48.97%

! PA's 8th congressional district
 * J. Glancy Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ J. Glancy Jones (Democratic) 59.77%

John C. Myers (Whig) 40.23%

! PA's 9th congressional district New member elected. Independent gain.
 * Isaac E. Hiester
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Anthony E. Roberts (Independent) 39.38%

Isaac E. Hiester (Whig) 33.79%

Joseph S. Lefevre (Democratic) 26.84%

! PA's 10th congressional district New member elected. Whig hold.
 * Ner Middleswarth
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ John C. Kunkel (Whig) 55.99%

Amos Boughter (Democratic) 43.01%

George A. Seiler (Independent) 1.00%

! PA's 11th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Christian M. Straub
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ James H. Campbell (Republican) 38.87%

William L. Dewart (Democratic) 36.68%

Joseph W. Cake (Democratic) 21.90%

Kimber Cleaver (Know Nothing) 2.56%

! PA's 12th congressional district New member elected. Whig gain.
 * Hendrick B. Wright
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Mills Fuller (Whig) 56.26%

Hendrick B. Wright (Democratic) 43.74%

! PA's 13th congressional district
 * Asa Packer
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Asa Packer (Democratic) 58.67%

Edward F. Stewart (Whig) 41.33%

! PA's 14th congressional district
 * Galusha A. Grow
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Galusha A. Grow (Democratic) 95.22%

Jim Grow (Independent) 4.56%

Olin L. Hawley (Independent) 0.23%


 * }

Rhode Island
! RI's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Thomas Davis
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Nathan B. Durfee (Know Nothing)

Thomas Davis (Democratic)

! RI's 2nd congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Benjamin Babock Thurston
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * | Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin Babock Thurston (Know Nothing)


 * }

South Carolina
! SC's 1st congressional district
 * John McQueen
 * | Democratic
 * 1849 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John McQueen (Democratic) 67.44%

I. D. Wilson (Unknown) 32.56%

! SC's 2nd congressional district
 * William Aiken Jr.
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Aiken Jr. (Democratic) 96.44%

W. C. Clayton (Unknown) 3.56%

! SC's 3rd congressional district
 * Laurence M. Keitt
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Laurence M. Keitt (Democratic) 100.00%

unopposed

! SC's 4th congressional district
 * Preston S. Brooks
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Preston S. Brooks (Democratic) 66.84%

A. C. Garlington (Unknown) 33.16%

! SC's 5th congressional district
 * James L. Orr
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James L. Orr (Democratic) 100.00%

unopposed

! SC's 6th congressional district
 * William W. Boyce
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William W. Boyce (Democratic) 100.00%

unopposed


 * }

Tennessee
Elections held late, on August 2, 1855.

! TN's 1st congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Nathaniel G. Taylor
 * | Whig
 * 1854 (special)
 * |Incumbent lost re-election as a Know Nothing.
 * nowrap |

✅ Albert G. Watkins (Democratic) 50.32%

Nathaniel G. Taylor (Know Nothing) 48.57%

A. G. Graham (Unknown) 1.11%

! | TN's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * William M. Churchwell
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ William H. Sneed (Know Nothing) 52.15%

David H. Cummins (Democratic) 47.85%

! TN's 3rd congressional district
 * Samuel A. Smith
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Samuel A. Smith (Democratic) 51.78%

Josiah M. Anderson (Know Nothing) 48.22%

! TN's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * William Cullom
 * | Whig
 * 1851
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ John H. Savage (Democratic) 51.96%

William Cullom (Know Nothing) 48.04%

! TN's 5th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Charles Ready
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap |

✅ Charles Ready (Know Nothing) 91.79%

Edwin A. Keeble (Democratic) 8.21%

! TN's 6th congressional district
 * George W. Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1842
 * Incumbent re-elected.

✅ George W. Jones (Democratic) 66.63%

Powhatan Gordon (Know Nothing) 33.37%

! TN's 7th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Robert M. Bugg
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John V. Wright (Democratic) 57.24%

William Kendrick (Know Nothing) 42.76%

! TN's 8th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Felix Zollicoffer
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap |

✅ Felix Zollicoffer (Know Nothing) 58.89%

Granville C. Torbett (Democratic) 41.11%

! TN's 9th congressional district Know Nothing gain.
 * Emerson Etheridge
 * | Whig
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent re-elected to a new party.
 * nowrap | ✅ Emerson Etheridge (Know Nothing) 51.82%

Thomas J. Freeman (Democratic) 48.18%

! TN's 10th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Frederick P. Stanton
 * | Democratic
 * 1845
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas Rivers (Know Nothing) 53.29%

David M. Currin (Democratic) 46.71%


 * }

Texas
! TX's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * George W. Smyth
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lemuel D. Evans (Know Nothing) 50.10%

Matthias Ward (Democratic) 49.90%

! TX's 2nd congressional district
 * Peter Hansborough Bell
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Peter H. Bell (Democratic) 60.76%

John Hancock (Know Nothing) 39.24%


 * }

Vermont
! VT's 1st congressional district
 * James Meacham
 * | Whig
 * 1849 (Special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James Meacham (Whig) 71.35%

Solomon W. Jewett (Democratic) 28.65%

! VT's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Andrew Tracy
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 50.26%

J. W. Parker (Democratic) 35.07%

Oscar L. Shafter (Free Soil) 14.68%

! VT's 3rd congressional district
 * Alvah Sabin
 * | Whig
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alvah Sabin (Whig) 68.54%

William Heywood (Democratic) 31.46%


 * }

Virginia
! VA's 1st congressional district
 * Thomas H. Bayly
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas H. Bayly (Democratic) 84.5%

Robert L. Montague (Independent) 10.2%

! VA's 2nd congressional district
 * John Millson
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Millson (Democratic) 53.3%

Watts (Know Nothing) 46.7%

! VA's 3rd congressional district
 * John S. Caskie
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John S. Caskie (Democratic) 52.1%

William C. Scott (Know Nothing) 47.9%

! VA's 4th congressional district
 * William Goode
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Goode (Democratic) 61.3%

Littleton Tazewell (Know Nothing) 38.7%

! VA's 5th congressional district
 * Thomas S. Bocock
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas S. Bocock (Democratic) 57.3%

Nathaniel C. Claiborne (Know Nothing) 42.7%

! VA's 6th congressional district
 * Paulus Powell
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Paulus Powell (Democratic) 56.7%

Ligon (Know Nothing) 43.3%

! VA's 7th congressional district
 * William Smith
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Smith (Democratic) 78.0%

P. Johnson Barbour (Independent) 13.8%

David Funsten (Independent) 8.2%

! VA's 8th congressional district
 * Charles J. Faulkner
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) 50.7%

Alexander Boteler (Know Nothing) 49.3%

! VA's 9th congressional district
 * John Letcher
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas H. Bayly (Democratic) 98.1%

Alexander H. H. Stuart (None) 1.9%

! VA's 10th congressional district
 * Zedekiah Kidwell
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Zedekiah Kidwell (Democratic) 54.5%

William K. Pendleton (Know Nothing) 45.5%

! VA's 11th congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing gain.
 * Charles S. Lewis
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John S. Carlile (Know Nothing) 51.2%

Charles S. Lewis (Democratic) 48.8%

! VA's 12th congressional district
 * Henry A. Edmundson
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry A. Edmundson (Democratic) 54.0%

Waller R. Staples (Know Nothing) 46.0%

! VA's 13th congressional district
 * Fayette McMullen
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Fayette McMullen (Democratic) 59.2%

Trigg (Know Nothing) 40.8%


 * }

Wisconsin
Election results in Wisconsin for 1854:

! WI's 1st congressional district
 * Daniel Wells Jr.
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Daniel Wells Jr. (Democratic) 54.6%

Wyman Spooner (Republican) 45.4%

! WI's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Ben C. Eastman
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican) 59.5%

Otis Hoyt (Democratic) 39.8%

David Taylor (Independent) 0.7%

! WI's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * John B. Macy
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles Billinghurst (Republican) 55.9%

John B. Macy (Democratic) 36.0%

Harvey G. Turner (Independent) 8.1%


 * }

Non-voting delegates
! Kansas Territory's at-large congressional district New delegate elected December 20, 1854. Democratic gain.
 * colspan=3 | New seat
 * | New territory.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Wilkins Whitfield (Democratic)

! Minnesota Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Henry Mower Rice
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Mower Rice (Democratic) 46.00%

William Rainey Marshall (Republican) 32.46%

David Olmsted (Anti-Nebraska Democratic) 21.54%

! Nebraska Territory's at-large congressional district (33rd Congress) New delegate elected December 12, 1854. Democratic gain.
 * colspan=3 | New seat
 * | New territory.
 * nowrap | ✅ Napoleon Bonaparte Giddings (Democratic)

! Nebraska Territory's at-large congressional district (34th Congress) New delegate elected November 5, 1855. Democratic hold.
 * Napoleon Bonaparte Giddings
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Bird Chapman (Democratic) 55.16%

Hiram Pitt Bennet (Anti-Nebraska Republican) 44.84%

! Oregon Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Joseph Lane
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Joseph Lane (Democratic)


 * }