1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 7, 1858, and December 1, 1859. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 238 representatives were elected in the new state of Oregon, the pending new state of Kansas, and the other 32 states before the first session of the 36th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1859. They were held during President James Buchanan's term.

Winning a plurality for the first time, Republicans benefited from multiple factors including the collapse of the nativist American Party, sectional strife in the Democratic Party, Northern voter dissatisfaction with the Supreme Court's March 1857 Dred Scott decision, political exposure of Democrats to chaotic violence in Kansas amid repeated attempts to impose slavery against the express will of a majority of its settlers, and a sharp decline in President Buchanan's popularity due to his perceived fecklessness. In Pennsylvania, his home state, Republicans made particularly large gains.

The pivotal Dred Scott decision was only the second time the Supreme Court had overturned an Act of Congress on Constitutional grounds, after Marbury v. Madison. The decision created apprehension in the North, where slavery had ceased to exist, that the Supreme Court would strike down any limitations on slavery anywhere in the United States with a ruling in Lemmon v. New York.

Short of a majority, Republicans controlled the House with limited cooperation from smaller parties also opposing the Democrats. Republicans were united in opposing slavery in the territories and fugitive slave laws, while rejecting the abrogation of the Missouri Compromise, key aspects of the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision. Though not yet abolitionist, Republicans openly derived a primary partisan purpose from hostility to slavery while furnishing a mainstream platform for abolitionism. None of the party's views or positions was new. However, their catalytic cohesion into a unified political vehicle, and the bold dismissal of the South, represented a newly disruptive political force.

Democrats remained divided and politically trapped. Fifteen Democratic members publicly defied their party label. Of seven Independent Democrats, six represented Southern districts. Eight Northern anti-Lecompton Democrats favored a ban on slavery in Kansas, effectively upholding the Missouri Compromise their party had destroyed several years earlier. Democrats lacked credible leadership and continued to drift in a direction favorable to the interests of slavery despite obviously widening and intensifying Northern opposition to the expansion of those interests. A damaging public perception also existed that President Buchanan had improperly influenced and endorsed the Dred Scott decision, incorrectly believing that it had solved his main political problem. Such influence would violate the separation of powers. The wide gap between Democratic rhetoric and results alienated voters, while defeat in the North and intra-party defection combined to make the party both more Southern and more radical.

Democrats lost seats in some slave states as the disturbing turn of national events and surge in sectional tensions alarmed a significant minority of Southern voters. Southern politicians opposing both Democrats and extremism, but unwilling to affiliate with Republicans, ran on the Southern Opposition Party ticket (not to be conflated with the Opposition Party of 1854).

For 11 states, this was the last full congressional election until the Reconstruction. Twenty-nine elected members quit near the end of the session following their states' secession from the Union, whose immediate motivation was the result of the presidential election of 1860.

Election summaries
One seat each was added for the new states of Oregon and Kansas.

Special elections
There were special elections in 1858 and 1859 to the 35th United States Congress and 36th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

35th Congress
! MA's 7th congressional district New member elected in December 1857 or January 1858. Republican hold. Successor seated January 21, 1858. Successor already elected to the next term; see below.
 * Nathaniel P. Banks
 * | Republican
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent resigned December 24, 1857 to become Governor of Massachusetts.
 * nowrap |

✅ Daniel W. Gooch (Republican)

! NC's 8th congressional district New member elected August 5, 1858 Know Nothing gain. Successor seated December 7, 1858. Successor later elected to the next term; see below.
 * Thomas L. Clingman
 * | Democratic
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent resigned May 7, 1858 to become U.S. Senator.
 * nowrap |

✅ Zebulon B. Vance (Know Nothing) 57.02%

William W. Avery (Democratic) 42.98%

! MS's 5th congressional district New member elected October 4, 1858. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 7, 1858. Successor later elected to the next term; see below.
 * John A. Quitman
 * | Democratic
 * 1855
 * | Incumbent died July 17, 1858.
 * nowrap |

✅ John J. McRae (Democratic) 99.08%

Scattering 0.92%

! PA's 8th congressional district New member elected November 30, 1858. Republican gain. Successor seated December 7, 1858. Successor not elected to the next term; see below.
 * J. Glancy Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * | Incumbent resigned October 30, 1858.
 * nowrap |

✅ William H. Keim (Republican) 51.98%

Joel B. Warner (Democratic) 48.02%

! IL's 6th congressional district New member elected January 4, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated January 20, 1859. Successor not elected to the next term; see below.
 * Thomas L. Harris
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent died November 24, 1858.
 * nowrap |

✅ Charles D. Hodges (Democratic) 61.31%

James Cook Conkling (Republican) 38.69%

! NY's 4th congressional district New member elected January 4, 1859. Independent Democratic gain. Successor seated January 17, 1859. Successor was also elected to the next term; see below.
 * John Kelly
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent resigned December 25, 1858.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas J. Barr (Ind. Democratic) 96.89%

Scattering 3.11%


 * }

36th Congress
! OH's 14th congressional district New member elected October 11, 1859. Republican hold. Successor seated December 5, 1859.
 * Cyrus Spink
 * | Republican
 * 1858
 * | Incumbent died May 31, 1859.
 * nowrap |

✅ Harrison G. O. Blake (Republican) 56.17%

Neal Power (Democratic) 43.83%

! VA's 4th congressional district New member elected October 27, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 7, 1859.
 * William Goode
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent died May 31, 1859.
 * nowrap |

✅ Roger Pryor (Democratic)

Thomas F. Goode (Democratic)

! IL's 6th congressional district New member elected November 8, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 5, 1859.
 * Thomas L. Harris
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent died November 24, 1858.
 * nowrap | ✅ John A. McClernand (Democratic) 58.94%

John M. Palmer (Republican) 41.06%


 * }

Alabama
! AL's 1st congressional district

! AL's 2nd congressional district

! AL's 3rd congressional district

! AL's 4th congressional district

! AL's 5th congressional district

! AL's 6th congressional district

! AL's 7th congressional district


 * }

Arkansas
! AR's 1st congressional district
 * Alfred B. Greenwood
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas C. Hindman (Democratic) 87.0%

William Crosby (American) 13.0%

! AR's 2nd congressional district
 * Albert Rust
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Albert Rust (Democratic) 70.3%

Thomas S. Drew (Ind. Democratic) 16.3%

James A. Jones (American) 13.4%


 * }

California
California held its election September 7, 1859. From statehood to 1864, California's members were elected at-large, with the top finishers winning election.

! rowspan=2 | CA At-large 2 seats on a general ticket
 * Charles L. Scott
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * rowspan=2 nowrap | ✅ John C. Burch (Democratic) 28.4%

✅ Charles L. Scott (Democratic) 28.1%

Joseph C. McKibbin (Anti-Lecompton Democratic) 21.4%

Edward D. Baker (Republican) 20.4%

S. A. Booker (Anti-Lecompton Democratic) 1.5%

P. H. Sibley (Republican) 0.1%

New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Joseph C. McKibbin
 * | Anti-Lecompton Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.


 * }

Connecticut
! CT's 1st congressional district

! CT's 2nd congressional district

! CT's 3rd congressional district


 * }

Delaware
! DE At-large
 * William G. Whiteley
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William G. Whiteley (Democratic)


 * }

Florida
! FL At-large
 * George S. Hawkins
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George S. Hawkins (Democratic) 61.4%

John Westcott (Ind. Democratic) 38.6%


 * }

Georgia
! GA's 1st congressional district

! GA's 2nd congressional district

! GA's 3rd congressional district

! GA's 4th congressional district

! GA's 5th congressional district

! GA's 6th congressional district

! GA's 7th congressional district

! GA's 8th congressional district


 * }

Illinois
! IL's 1st congressional district

! IL's 2nd congressional district

! IL's 3rd congressional district

! IL's 4th congressional district

! IL's 5th congressional district

! IL's 6th congressional district

! IL's 7th congressional district

! IL's 8th congressional district

! IL's 9th congressional district


 * }

Indiana
! IN's 1st congressional district

! IN's 2nd congressional district

! IN's 3rd congressional district

! IN's 4th congressional district

! IN's 5th congressional district

! IN's 6th congressional district

! IN's 7th congressional district

! IN's 8th congressional district

! IN's 9th congressional district

! IN's 10th congressional district

! IN's 11th congressional district


 * }

Iowa
! IA's 1st congressional district

! IA's 2nd congressional district


 * }

Kansas
! KS At-large New member elected December 1, 1859 in advance of January 29, 1861 statehood. Republican gain.
 * colspan=3 | New state
 * | New seat.
 * nowrap |

✅ Martin F. Conway (Republican) 57.74%

John A. Halderman (Democratic) 42.26%


 * }

Kansas Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky
! KY's 1st congressional district

! KY's 2nd congressional district

! KY's 3rd congressional district

! KY's 4th congressional district

! KY's 5th congressional district

! KY's 6th congressional district

! KY's 7th congressional district


 * }

Louisiana
! LA's 1st congressional district New member elected. Know Nothing hold.
 * George Eustis Jr.
 * | Know Nothing
 * Elected in 1854
 * bgcolor=lavender | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John Edward Bouligny (Know Nothing) 49.1%

Emile La Sére (Democratic) 39.8%

Charles Bienvenu (States Rights) 11.0%

! LA's 2nd congressional district
 * Miles Taylor
 * | Democratic
 * Elected in 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Miles Taylor (Democratic) 56.7%

L. D. Nichols (Know Nothing) 43.0%

! LA's 3rd congressional district
 * Thomas G. Davidson
 * | Democratic
 * Elected in 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas G. Davidson (Democratic) 89.6%

T. Cannon (Opposition) 10.4%

! LA's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * John M. Sandidge
 * | Democratic
 * Elected in 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John M. Landrum (Democratic) 73.3%

M. A. Jones (Opposition) 26.7%


 * }

Maine
! ME's 1st congressional district

! ME's 2nd congressional district

! ME's 3rd congressional district

! ME's 4th congressional district

! ME's 5th congressional district

! ME's 6th congressional district


 * }

Maryland
! MD's 1st congressional district

! MD's 2nd congressional district

! MD's 3rd congressional district

! MD's 4th congressional district

! MD's 5th congressional district

! MD's 6th congressional district


 * }

Massachusetts
! MA's 1st congressional district

! MA's 2nd congressional district

! MA's 3rd congressional district

! MA's 4th congressional district

! MA's 5th congressional district

! MA's 6th congressional district

! MA's 7th congressional district

! MA's 8th congressional district

! MA's 9th congressional district

! MA's 10th congressional district

! MA's 11th congressional district


 * }

Michigan
! rowspan=2 | MI's 1st congressional district
 * rowspan=2 | William A. Howard
 * rowspan=2
 * rowspan=2 | 1854
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ George B. Cooper (Democratic) 50.1%

William A. Howard (Republican) 49.9%


 * | Election successfully contested. Incumbent re-seated May 15, 1860.
 * nowrap | ✅ William A. Howard (Republican) 51.0%
 * nowrap | ✅ William A. Howard (Republican) 51.0%

George B. Cooper (Democratic) 49.0%

! MI's 2nd congressional district
 * Henry Waldron
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Waldron (Republican) 59.1%
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry Waldron (Republican) 59.1%

Consider A. Stacy (Democratic) 40.9%

! MI's 3rd congressional district
 * David S. Walbridge
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 55.7%
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 55.7%

Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 44.3%

! MI's 4th congressional district
 * Dewitt C. Leach
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Dewitt C. Leach (Republican) 52.0%
 * nowrap | ✅ Dewitt C. Leach (Republican) 52.0%

Robert W. Davis (Democratic) 48.0%


 * }

Michigan voted in 3 Republicans and 1 Democrat in the first elections of this Midterm. The only district to vote in favor of the Democratic Party's candidate was the First, which encompassed the modern-day counties of Wayne, Washtenaw, Livingston, and Jackson.

Minnesota
Minnesota became a new state in 1858 having already elected its first two members at-large in October 1857 to finish the current term. The state then held elections to the next term October 4, 1859.

! rowspan=2 | Minnesota At-large 2 seats New member elected. Republican gain.
 * James M. Cavanaugh
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * rowspan=2 nowrap | Elected on a general ticket:✅ Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) 27.54%

✅ William Windom (Republican) 27.10%

James M. Cavanaugh (Democratic) 22.78%

Christopher C. Graham (Democratic) 22.58%

New member elected. Republican gain.
 * William Wallace Phelps
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.
 * | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.


 * }

Mississippi
Elections held late, on October 3, 1859.

! MS's 1st congressional district
 * Lucius Q. C. Lamar
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lucius Q. C. Lamar (Democratic) 100%

! MS's 2nd congressional district
 * Reuben Davis
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Reuben Davis (Democratic) 94.49%

G. Q. Martin (Opposition) 5.51%

! MS's 3rd congressional district
 * William Barksdale
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Barksdale (Democratic) 100%

! MS's 4th congressional district
 * Otho R. Singleton
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Otho R. Singleton (Democratic) 77.19%

Franklin Smith (Unionist Democratic) 22.81%

! MS's 5th congressional district
 * John J. McRae
 * | Democratic
 * 1858 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John J. McRae (Democratic) 100%


 * }

Missouri
! MO's 1st congressional district

! MO's 2nd congressional district

! MO's 3rd congressional district

! MO's 4th congressional district

! MO's 5th congressional district

! MO's 6th congressional district

! MO's 7th congressional district


 * }

Nebraska Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire
! NH's 1st congressional district

! NH's 2nd congressional district

! NH's 3rd congressional district


 * }

New Jersey
! NJ's 1st congressional district

! NJ's 2nd congressional district

! NJ's 3rd congressional district

! NJ's 4th congressional district

! NJ's 5th congressional district


 * }

New York
! NY's 1st congressional district

! NY's 2nd congressional district

! NY's 3rd congressional district

! NY's 4th congressional district

! NY's 5th congressional district

! NY's 6th congressional district

! NY's 7th congressional district

! NY's 8th congressional district

! NY's 9th congressional district

! NY's 10th congressional district

! NY's 11th congressional district

! NY's 12th congressional district

! NY's 13th congressional district

! NY's 14th congressional district

! NY's 15th congressional district

! NY's 16th congressional district

! NY's 17th congressional district

! NY's 18th congressional district

! NY's 19th congressional district

! NY's 20th congressional district

! NY's 21st congressional district

! NY's 22nd congressional district

! NY's 23rd congressional district

! NY's 24th congressional district

! NY's 25th congressional district

! NY's 26th congressional district

! NY's 27th congressional district

! NY's 28th congressional district

! NY's 29th congressional district

! NY's 30th congressional district

! NY's 31st congressional district

! NY's 32nd congressional district

! NY's 33rd congressional district


 * }

North Carolina
! NC's 1st congressional district

! NC's 2nd congressional district

! NC's 3rd congressional district

! NC's 4th congressional district

! NC's 5th congressional district

! NC's 6th congressional district

! NC's 7th congressional district

! NC's 8th congressional district


 * }

Ohio
Ohio elected its members October 12, 1858, netting a 3-seat Republican gain.

! Ohio's 1st congressional district
 * George H. Pendleton
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 51.2%

Timothy C. Day (Opposition) 48.8%

! Ohio's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * William S. Groesbeck
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John A. Gurley (Republican) 52.6%

William S. Groesbeck (Democratic) 47.4%

! Ohio's 3rd congressional district
 * Clement Vallandigham
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 50.5%

Lewis D. Campbell (Republican) 49.5%

! Ohio's 4th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Matthias H. Nichols
 * | Republican
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Allen (Democratic) 50.2%

Matthias H. Nichols (Republican) 49.8%

! Ohio's 5th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Richard Mott
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ James M. Ashley (Republican) 51.3%

William Mungen (Democratic) 48.7%

! Ohio's 6th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * Joseph R. Cockerill
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Howard (Democratic) 53.0%

Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 47.0%

! Ohio's 7th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Aaron Harlan
 * | Republican
 * 1852
 * | Incumbent lost renomination.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas Corwin (Republican) 63.8%

Charles W. Blair (Democratic) 36.2%

! Ohio's 8th congressional district
 * Benjamin Stanton
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin Stanton (Republican) 59.5%

William Hubbard (Democratic) 40.5%

! Ohio's 9th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Lawrence W. Hall
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Carey (Republican) 50.3%

Lawrence W. Hall (Democratic) 49.7%

! Ohio's 10th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Joseph Miller
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Carey A. Trimble (Republican) 55.0%

Joseph Miller (Democratic) 45.0%

! Ohio's 11th congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Albert C. Thompson
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 50.7%

Nelson H. Van Vorhes (Republican) 49.3%

! Ohio's 12th congressional district
 * Samuel S. Cox
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel S. Cox (Republican) 51.8%

Lucius Case (Democratic) 48.2%

! Ohio's 13th congressional district
 * John Sherman
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Sherman (Republican) 57.1%

S. J. Patrick (Democratic) 42.9%

! Ohio's 14th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold. Successor died May 31, 1859, leading to a special election.
 * Philemon Bliss
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Cyrus Spink (Republican) 56.3%

J. P. Jeffries (Democratic) 43.7%

! Ohio's 15th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Joseph Burns
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Helmick (Republican) 50.7%

Joseph Burns (Democratic) 49.3%

! Ohio's 16th congressional district
 * Cydnor B. Tompkins
 * | Republican
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Cydnor B. Tompkins (Republican) 52.8%

George W. Manypenny (Democratic) 47.2%

! Ohio's 17th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * William Lawrence
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 50.3%

Benjamin T. Sprigg (Democratic) 49.7%

! Ohio's 18th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Benjamin F. Leiter
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap | ✅ Sidney Edgerton (Republican) 53.3%

J. L. Ranney (Democratic) 46.7%

! Ohio's 19th congressional district
 * Edward Wade
 * | Republican
 * 1852
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edward Wade (Republican) 65.1%

J. W. Gray (Democratic) 34.9%

! Ohio's 20th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Joshua Reed Giddings
 * | Republican
 * 1843
 * | Incumbent lost renomination.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Hutchins (Republican) 64.7%

David Tod (Democratic) 35.3%

! Ohio's 21st congressional district
 * John Bingham
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Bingham (Republican) 57.3%

Thomas Means (Democratic) 42.7%


 * }

35th Congress
! OR At-large New member elected June 7, 1858. Democratic gain. Successor seated February 14, 1859. New member did not run for the next term.
 * colspan=3 | New state
 * | New seat.
 * nowrap |

✅ La Fayette Grover (Democratic)


 * }

36th Congress
! OR At-large New member elected. Democratic hold. New member did not run for the current term.
 * colspan=3 | New state
 * | New seat.
 * nowrap | ✅ Lansing Stout (Democratic) 50.2%

David Logan (Republican) 49.8%


 * }

Pennsylvania
! PA's 1st congressional district
 * Thomas B. Florence
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas B. Florence (Democratic) 43.09%

John W. Ryan (Republican) 41.00%

G. W. Nebinger (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 15.42%

Marshall Sprogell (Know Nothing) 0.48%

! PA's 2nd congressional district
 * Edward Joy Morris

1843

1844 (retired)

1856


 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Edward Joy Morris (Republican) 58.38%

George H. Martin (Democratic) 41.62%

! PA's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * James Landy
 * | Democratic
 * 1850
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ John P. Verree (Republican) 54.24%

James Landy (Democratic) 45.36%

George W. Read (Know Nothing) 0.40%

! PA's 4th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Henry M. Phillips
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ William Millward (Republican) 59.25%

Henry M. Phillips (Democratic) 39.21%

Jacob Broom (Know Nothing) 1.54%

! PA's 5th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Owen Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ John Wood (Republican) 57.37%

Owen Jones (Democratic) 42.63%

! PA's 6th congressional district
 * John Hickman
 * | Democratic
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ John Hickman (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 40.76%

Charles D. Manly (Democratic) 31.15%

John M. Broomall (Republican) 28.09%

! PA's 7th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Henry Chapman
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Henry C. Longnecker (Republican) 50.76%

Stokes L. Roberts (Democratic) 49.24%

! PA's 8th congressional district
 * J. Glancy Jones
 * | Democratic

1850

1852 (retired)

1854 (special)

New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ John Schwartz (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 50.07%

J. Glancy Jones (Democratic) 49.94%

! PA's 9th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Anthony E. Roberts
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thaddeus Stevens (Republican) 60.00%

James M. Hopkins (Democratic) 40.00%

! PA's 10th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * John C. Kunkel
 * 1854
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John W. Killinger (Republican) 61.46%

Jacob Weidle (Democratic) 38.54%

! PA's 11th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * William L. Dewart
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ James H. Campbell (Republican) 47.20%

William L. Dewart (Democratic) 28.95%

Joseph W. Cake (Anti-Lecompton Dem.) 23.85%

! PA's 12th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Paul Leidy
 * | Democratic
 * 1857 (special)
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ George W. Scranton (Republican) 61.89%

John McReynolds (Democratic) 38.11%

! PA's 13th congressional district
 * William H. Dimmick
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William H. Dimmick (Democratic) 54.95%

David K. Shoemaker (Republican) 45.05%

! PA's 14th congressional district
 * Galusha A. Grow
 * 1850
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |
 * nowrap |

✅ Galusha A. Grow (Republican) 76.87%

Joel Parkhurst (Democratic) 23.13%

! PA's 15th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Allison White
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ James T. Hale (Republican) 55.69%

Allison White (Democratic) 44.31%

! PA's 16th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * John A. Ahl
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Benjamin F. Junkin (Republican) 50.13%

Henry L. Fisher (Democratic) 49.87%

! PA's 17th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * Wilson Reilly
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Edward McPherson (Republican) 50.72%

Wilson Reilly (Democratic) 49.28%

! PA's 18th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * John R. Edie
 * 1854
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Samuel S. Blair (Republican) 57.71%

Cyrus L. Pershing (Democratic) 42.29%

! PA's 19th congressional district
 * John Covode
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |
 * nowrap |

✅ John Covode (Republican) 52.81%

Henry D. Foster (Democratic) 47.19%

! PA's 20th congressional district
 * William Montgomery
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William Montgomery (Democratic) 61.50%

Jonathan Knight (Republican) 38.50%

! PA's 21st congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * David Ritchie
 * | Republican
 * 1852
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ James K. Moorhead (Republican) 57.27%

Andrew Burke (Democratic) 42.73%

! PA's 22nd congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * Samuel A. Purviance
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Robert McKnight (Republican) 55.25%

Thomas Williams (Anti-Tax) 39.65%

John Birmingham (Democratic) 5.10%

! PA's 23rd congressional district
 * William Stewart
 * | Republican
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William Stewart (Republican) 64.02%

Jonathan N. McGuffin (Democratic) 35.98%

! PA's 24th congressional district New member elected. Republican gain.
 * James L. Gillis
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Chapin Hall (Republican) 52.42%

James L. Gillis (Democratic) 47.58%

! PA's 25th congressional district New member elected. Republican hold.
 * John Dick
 * 1852
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Elijah Babbitt (Republican) 60.73%

James C. Crawford (Democratic) 39.27%


 * }

Rhode Island
! RI's 1st congressional district New member elected. American Republican gain.
 * Nathan B. Durfee
 * | Republican
 * 1855
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

First round:

Christopher Robinson (American Republican) 49.29%

Thomas Davis (Republican) 31.40%

Olney Arnold (Democratic) 19.31%

Runoff:

✅ Christopher Robinson (American Republican) 56.32%

Thomas Davis (Republican) 43.68%

! RI's 2nd congressional district
 * William D. Brayton
 * | Republican
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William D. Brayton (Republican) 63.93%

Alfred Anthony (Democratic) 36.07%


 * }

South Carolina
! SC's 1st congressional district
 * John McQueen
 * | Democratic
 * 1849 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ John McQueen (Democratic) 100.00%

! SC's 2nd congressional district
 * William P. Miles
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William P. Miles (Democratic) 76.20%

James Gadsden (Unknown) 23.80%

! SC's 3rd congressional district
 * Laurence M. Keitt
 * | Democratic
 * 1853 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Laurence M. Keitt (Democratic) 100.00%

! SC's 4th congressional district
 * Milledge L. Bonham
 * | Democratic
 * 1857 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Milledge L. Bonham (Democratic) 100.00%

! Sc's 5th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * James Lawrence Orr
 * | Democratic
 * 1848
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John D. Ashmore (Democratic) 59.40%

Thomas O. Vernon (Unknown) 40.60%

! SC's 6th congressional district
 * William Waters Boyce
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William Waters Boyce (Democratic) 100.00%


 * }

Tennessee
Elections held late, on August 4, 1859.

! TN's 1st congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * Albert G. Watkins
 * | Democratic
 * 1855
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas A. R. Nelson (Opposition) 50.19%

Landon C. Haynes (Democratic) 49.81%

! TN's 2nd congressional district Opposition gain.
 * Horace Maynard
 * | Know Nothing
 * 1857
 * |Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Horace Maynard (Know Nothing) 55.01%

I. C. Ramsay (Democratic) 44.99%

! TN's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * Samuel A. Smith
 * | Democratic
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Reese B. Brabson (Opposition) 50.19%

Samuel A. Smith (Democratic) 49.81%

! TN's 4th congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * John H. Savage
 * | Democratic
 * 1855
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ William B. Stokes (Opposition) 51.85%

John H. Savage (Democratic) 48.15%

! TN's 5th congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * Charles Ready
 * | Know Nothing
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent lost re-election as an independent.
 * nowrap |

✅ Robert H. Hatton (Opposition) 53.48%

Charles Ready (Independent) 46.52%

! TN's 6th congressional district New member elected. Democratic hold.
 * George W. Jones
 * | Democratic
 * 1842
 * |Incumbent retired.

✅ James H. Thomas (Democratic) 97.82%

William H. Polk (Unknown) 2.18%

! TN's 7th congressional district
 * John V. Wright
 * | Democratic
 * 1855
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ John V. Wright (Democratic) 77.58%

Theodore H. Gibbs (Opposition) 22.42%

! TN's 8th congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * Felix Zollicoffer
 * | Know Nothing
 * 1853
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ James M. Quarles (Opposition) 52.87%

Thomas Menees (Democratic) 47.14%

! TN's 9th congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * John D.C. Atkins
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Emerson Etheridge (Opposition) 50.02%

John D. C. Atkins (Democratic) 49.98%

! TN's 10th congressional district
 * William T. Avery
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William T. Avery (Democratic) 50.30%

John L. Sneed (Opposition) 47.71%

David M. Currin (Independent) 1.99%


 * }

Texas
! TX's 1st congressional district
 * John H. Reagan
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ John H. Reagan (Democratic) 89.2%

William Beck Ochiltree (Independent) 10.8%

! TX's 2nd congressional district New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.
 * Guy M. Bryan
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Andrew Jackson Hamilton (Ind. Democratic) 51.2%

Thomas Neville Waul (Democratic) 48.8%


 * }

Vermont
! VT's 1st congressional district
 * Eliakim P. Walton
 * | Republican
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Eliakim P. Walton (Republican) 72.84%

Charles G. Eastman (Democratic) 27.16%

! VT's 2nd congressional district
 * Justin S. Morrill
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 70.65%

Epaphro B. Chase (Democratic) 29.35%

! VT's 3rd congressional district
 * Homer E. Royce
 * | Republican
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Homer E. Royce (Republican) 69.34%

William H. H. Bingham (Democratic) 30.66%


 * }

Virginia
! VA's 1st congressional district
 * Muscoe R.H. Garnett
 * | Democratic
 * 1856 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Muscoe R.H. Garnett (Democratic) 100.00%

! VA's 2nd congressional district
 * John Millson
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ John Millson (Democratic) 61.46%

(FNU) Pretlow (Independent) 29.52%

(FNU) Chandler (Independent) 5.06%

(FNU) Sykes (Independent) 2.00%

! VA's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.
 * John Caskie
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Daniel C. DeJarnette (Ind. Democratic) 50.45%

John Caskie (Democratic) 49.55% ! VA's 4th congressional district
 * William O. Goode
 * | Democratic

1841

1843 (retired)

1853


 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William O. Goode (Democratic) 63.80%

William C. Flournoy (Ind. Democratic) 36.21% ! VA's 5th congressional district
 * Thomas S. Bocock
 * | Democratic
 * 1847
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Thomas S. Bocock (Democratic) 88.78%

(FNU) Speed (Unknown) 9.87%

(FNU) Boisseau (Unknown) 1.35% ! VA's 6th congressional district New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.
 * Paulus Powell
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Shelton Leake (Ind. Democratic) 59.17%

Paulus Powell (Democratic) 40.84% ! VA's 7th congressional district
 * William Smith
 * | Democratic

1841 (special)

1843 (lost)

1853


 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ William Smith (Democratic) 49.36%

Henry W. Thomas (Ind. Democratic) 46.47%

Henry Shackleford (Ind. Democratic) 4.17% ! VA's 8th congressional district New member elected. Opposition gain.
 * Charles J. Faulkner
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * |Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap |

✅ Alexander Boteler (Opposition) 50.65%

Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) 49.35% ! VA's 9th congressional district New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.
 * John Letcher
 * | Democratic
 * 1851
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ John T. Harris (Ind. Democratic) 52.17%

James H. Skinner (Democratic) 47.83% ! VA's 10th congressional district
 * Sherrard Clemens
 * | Democratic

1852 (special)

1852 (retired)

1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Sherrard Clemens (Democratic) 61.10%

Ralph L. Berkshire (Opposition) 38.90% ! VA's 11th congressional district
 * Albert G. Jenkins
 * | Democratic
 * 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Albert G. Jenkins (Democratic) 55.56%

J. M. Laidley (Opposition) 44.44% ! VA's 12th congressional district
 * Henry A. Edmundson
 * | Democratic
 * 1849
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap |

✅ Henry A. Edmundson (Democratic) 94.05%

William Ballard Preston (Opposition) 4.98%

Allen T. Caperton (Democratic) 0.97% ! VA's 13th congressional district
 * George W. Hopkins
 * | Democratic

1835

1847 (retired)

1857 New member elected. Independent Democratic gain.
 * |Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Elbert S. Martin (Ind. Democratic) 53.36%

Ben R. Floyd (Democratic) 46.64%
 * }

Wisconsin
! WI's 1st congressional district
 * John F. Potter
 * | Republican
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John F. Potter (Republican) 56.4%

Beriah Brown (Democratic) 43.6%

! WI's 2nd congressional district
 * Cadwallader C. Washburn
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican) 54.3%

Charles Dunn (Democratic) 45.7%

! WI's 3rd congressional district New member elected. Democratic gain.
 * Charles Billinghurst
 * | Republican
 * 1854
 * | Incumbent lost re-election.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 51.0%

Charles Billinghurst (Republican) 49.0%


 * }

Non-voting delegates
! Kansas Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Marcus Junius Parrott
 * | Republican
 * 1856 or 1857
 * Incumbent re-elected in 1859.
 * nowrap | ✅ Marcus Junius Parrott (Republican)

Sanders W. Johnston (Democratic)

! Nebraska Territory's at-large congressional district New delegate elected October 11, 1859. Democratic gain. Election was later overturned due to a successful challenge by the loser.
 * Fenner Ferguson
 * | Independent Democratic
 * 1857
 * | Incumbent retired.
 * nowrap |

✅ Experience Estabrook (Democratic)

Samuel Gordon Daily (Republican)


 * }