44th United States Congress

The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority.

Major events



 * November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
 * June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
 * July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
 * November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

 * January 29, 1877: Electoral Commission Act, ch. 37,
 * March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107,

State admitted

 * August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

 * President: Henry Wilson (R), until November 22, 1875; vacant thereafter.
 * President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: John W. Stevenson

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)
 * Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II
 * Republican Conference Chairman: George W. McCrary

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

Alabama

 * 2. George Goldthwaite (D)
 * 3. George E. Spencer (R)

Arkansas

 * 2. Powell Clayton (R)
 * 3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

California

 * 1. Newton Booth (AM)
 * 3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

Colorado

 * 2. Henry M. Teller (R), from November 15, 1876
 * 3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R), from November 15, 1876

Connecticut

 * 1. William W. Eaton (D)
 * 3. Orris S. Ferry (R), until November 21, 1875
 * James E. English (D), November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876
 * William H. Barnum (D), from May 18, 1876

Delaware

 * 1. Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (D)
 * 2. Eli Saulsbury (D)

Florida

 * 1. Charles W. Jones (D)
 * 3. Simon B. Conover (R)

Georgia

 * 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D)
 * 3. John B. Gordon (D)

Illinois

 * 2. John A. Logan (R)
 * 3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

Indiana

 * 1. Joseph E. McDonald (D)
 * 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

Iowa

 * 2. George G. Wright (R)
 * 3. William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

 * 2. James M. Harvey (R)
 * 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. John W. Stevenson (D)
 * 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

Louisiana

 * 2. J. Rodman West (R)
 * 3. James B. Eustis (D), from January 12, 1876

Maine

 * 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)
 * 2. Lot M. Morrill (R), until July 7, 1876
 * James G. Blaine (R), from July 10, 1876

Maryland

 * 1. William Pinkney Whyte (D)
 * 3. George R. Dennis (D)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)
 * 2. George S. Boutwell (R)

Michigan

 * 1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R)
 * 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

Minnesota

 * 1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)
 * 2. William Windom (R)

Mississippi

 * 1. Blanche Bruce (R)
 * 2. James L. Alcorn (R)

Missouri

 * 1. Francis Cockrell (D)
 * 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)

Nebraska

 * 1. Algernon Paddock (R)
 * 2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)

Nevada

 * 1. William Sharon (R)
 * 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R)
 * 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Theodore F. Randolph (D)
 * 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

New York

 * 1. Francis Kernan (D)
 * 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

North Carolina

 * 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
 * 3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

Ohio

 * 1. Allen G. Thurman (D)
 * 3. John Sherman (R)

Oregon

 * 2. James K. Kelly (D)
 * 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. William A. Wallace (D)
 * 3. Simon Cameron (R)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Ambrose Burnside (R)
 * 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

 * 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R)
 * 3. John J. Patterson (R)

Tennessee

 * 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until July 31, 1875
 * David M. Key (D), August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1877
 * James E. Bailey (D), from January 19, 1877
 * 2. Henry Cooper (D)

Texas

 * 1. Samuel B. Maxey (D)
 * 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R)

Vermont

 * 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
 * 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

 * 1. Robert E. Withers (D)
 * 2. John W. Johnston (D)

West Virginia

 * 1. Allen T. Caperton (D), until July 26, 1876
 * Samuel Price (D), August 26, 1876 – January 26, 1877
 * Frank Hereford (D), from January 31, 1877
 * 2. Henry G. Davis (D)

Wisconsin

 * 1. Angus Cameron (R)
 * 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)





House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Jeremiah Haralson (R)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. Jeremiah N. Williams (D)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Taul Bradford (D)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Charles Hays (R)
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. John H. Caldwell (D)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D)
 * At-large. William H. Forney (D)
 * At-large. Burwell B. Lewis (D)

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. Lucien C. Gause (D)
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. William F. Slemons (D)
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. William W. Wilshire (D)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Thomas M. Gunter (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. William A. Piper (D)
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Horace F. Page (R)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. John K. Luttrell (D)
 * California's 4th congressional district. Peter D. Wigginton (D)

Colorado

 * At-large. James B. Belford (R), from October 3, 1876 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. George M. Landers (D)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. James Phelps (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. Henry H. Starkweather (R), until January 28, 1876
 * John T. Wait (R), from April 12, 1876
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. William H. Barnum (D), until May 18, 1876
 * Levi Warner (D), from December 4, 1876

Delaware

 * At-large. James Williams (D)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. William J. Purman (R)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Josiah T. Walls (R), until April 19, 1876
 * Jesse J. Finley (D), from April 19, 1876

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Julian Hartridge (D)
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. William E. Smith (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Philip Cook (D)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Henry R. Harris (D)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. Milton A. Candler (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. James H. Blount (D)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. William H. Felton (ID)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. Alexander Stephens (D)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Benjamin H. Hill (D), May 5, 1875 - March 3, 1877

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. Bernard G. Caulfield (D)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Carter H. Harrison (D)
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. Charles B. Farwell (R), until May 6, 1876
 * John V. Le Moyne (D), from May 6, 1876
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. Stephen A. Hurlbut (R)
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Horatio C. Burchard (R)
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Alexander Campbell (I)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Greenbury L. Fort (R)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Richard H. Whiting (R)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. John C. Bagby (D)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. Scott Wike (D)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. William M. Springer (D)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. Adlai E. Stevenson (D)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. John R. Eden (D)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. William A. J. Sparks (D)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. William R. Morrison (D)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. William Hartzell (D)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. William B. Anderson (I)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Benoni S. Fuller (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. James D. Williams (D), until December 1, 1876
 * Andrew Humphreys (D), from December 5, 1876
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876
 * Nathan T. Carr (D), from December 5, 1876
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. Jeptha D. New (D)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. William S. Holman (D)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Milton S. Robinson (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. Franklin Landers (D)
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Morton C. Hunter (R)
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Thomas J. Cason (R)
 * Indiana's 10th congressional district. William S. Haymond (D)
 * Indiana's 11th congressional district. James L. Evans (R)
 * Indiana's 12th congressional district. Andrew H. Hamilton (D)
 * Indiana's 13th congressional district. John Baker (R)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. George W. McCrary (R)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. John Q. Tufts (R)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. Lucien L. Ainsworth (D)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Henry O. Pratt (R)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. James Wilson (R)
 * Iowa's 6th congressional district. Ezekiel S. Sampson (R)
 * Iowa's 7th congressional district. John A. Kasson (R)
 * Iowa's 8th congressional district. James W. McDill (R)
 * Iowa's 9th congressional district. S. Addison Oliver (R)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. William A. Phillips (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. John R. Goodin (D)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. William R. Brown (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Andrew Boone (D)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. John Y. Brown (D)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. Charles W. Milliken (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. J. Proctor Knott (D)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Edward Y. Parsons (D), until July 8, 1876
 * Henry Watterson (D), from August 12, 1876
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Thomas L. Jones (D)
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
 * Kentucky's 8th congressional district. Milton J. Durham (D)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district. John D. White (R)
 * Kentucky's 10th congressional district. John B. Clarke (D)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Randall L. Gibson (D)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. E. John Ellis (D)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Chester B. Darrall (R)
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. William M. Levy (D)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. Frank Morey (R), until June 8, 1876
 * William B. Spencer (D) June 8, 1876 - January 8, 1877
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Charles E. Nash (R)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. John H. Burleigh (R)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. William P. Frye (R)
 * Maine's 3rd congressional district. James G. Blaine (R), until July 10, 1876
 * Edwin Flye (R), from December 4, 1876
 * Maine's 4th congressional district. Harris M. Plaisted (R), from September 13, 1875
 * Maine's 5th congressional district. Eugene Hale (R)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Philip F. Thomas (D)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Charles B. Roberts (D)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. William J. O'Brien (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Thomas Swann (D)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Eli J. Henkle (D)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. William Walsh (D)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. James Buffington (R), until March 7, 1875
 * William W. Crapo (R), from November 2, 1875
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Benjamin W. Harris (R)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Henry L. Pierce (R)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Rufus S. Frost (R), until July 28, 1876
 * Josiah G. Abbott (D), from July 28, 1876
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Nathaniel P. Banks (I)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Charles P. Thompson (D)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. John K. Tarbox (D)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. William W. Warren (D)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. George F. Hoar (R)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Julius H. Seelye (I)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. Chester W. Chapin (D)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. Alpheus S. Williams (D)
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Henry Waldron (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. George Willard (R)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Allen Potter (D)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. William B. Williams (R)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. George H. Durand (D)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Omar D. Conger (R)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. Nathan B. Bradley (R)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. Horace B. Strait (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. William S. King (R)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. G. Wiley Wells (IR)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Hernando Money (D)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Otho R. Singleton (D)
 * Mississippi's 5th congressional district. Charles E. Hooker (D)
 * Mississippi's 6th congressional district. John R. Lynch (R)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. Edward C. Kehr (D)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Erastus Wells (D)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. William H. Stone (D)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Robert A. Hatcher (D)
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. Richard P. Bland (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. Charles H. Morgan (D)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. John F. Philips (D)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Benjamin J. Franklin (D)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. David Rea (D)
 * Missouri's 10th congressional district. Rezin A. De Bolt (D)
 * Missouri's 11th congressional district. John B. Clark Jr. (D)
 * Missouri's 12th congressional district. John M. Glover (D)
 * Missouri's 13th congressional district. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

Nebraska

 * At-large. Lorenzo Crounse (R)

Nevada

 * At-large. William Woodburn (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Frank Jones (D)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. Samuel N. Bell (D)
 * New Hampshire's 3rd congressional district. Henry W. Blair (R)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. Clement H. Sinnickson (R)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. Samuel A. Dobbins (R)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. Miles Ross (D)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Robert Hamilton (D)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Augustus W. Cutler (D)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Frederick H. Teese (D)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. Henry B. Metcalfe (D)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. John G. Schumaker (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Simeon B. Chittenden (IR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Archibald M. Bliss (D)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Edwin R. Meade (D)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Samuel S. Cox (D)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Smith Ely Jr. (D), until December 11, 1876
 * David Dudley Field (D), from January 11, 1877
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Elijah Ward (D)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Fernando Wood (D)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Abram S. Hewitt (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Benjamin A. Willis (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. N. Holmes Odell (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. John O. Whitehouse (D)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. George M. Beebe (D)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. John H. Bagley Jr. (D)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Charles H. Adams (R)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Martin I. Townsend (R)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Andrew Williams (R)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. William A. Wheeler (R)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Henry H. Hathorn (R)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Samuel F. Miller (R)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. George A. Bagley (R)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. Scott Lord (D)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. William H. Baker (R)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. Elias W. Leavenworth (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Clinton D. MacDougall (R)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Elbridge G. Lapham (R)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Thomas C. Platt (R)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. Charles C. B. Walker (D)
 * New York's 30th congressional district. John M. Davy (R)
 * New York's 31st congressional district. George G. Hoskins (R)
 * New York's 32nd congressional district. Lyman K. Bass (R)
 * New York's 33rd congressional district. Nelson I. Norton (R), from December 6, 1875

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Jesse J. Yeates (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. John A. Hyman (R)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Alfred M. Waddell (D)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Joseph J. Davis (D)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Alfred M. Scales (D)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Thomas S. Ashe (D)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. William M. Robbins (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Robert B. Vance (D)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Milton Sayler (D)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. Henry B. Banning (D)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. John S. Savage (D)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. John A. McMahon (D)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Americus V. Rice (D)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Frank H. Hurd (D)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Lawrence T. Neal (D)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. William Lawrence (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. Earley F. Poppleton (D)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. Charles Foster (R)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. John L. Vance (D)
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. Ansel T. Walling (D)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Milton I. Southard (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Jacob P. Cowan (D)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. Lorenzo Danford (R)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. Laurin D. Woodworth (R)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. James Monroe (R)
 * Ohio's 19th congressional district. James A. Garfield (R)
 * Ohio's 20th congressional district. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon

 * At-large. George A. La Dow (D), until May 1, 1875
 * Lafayette Lane (D), from October 25, 1875

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Chapman Freeman (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Charles O'Neill (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Samuel J. Randall (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. William D. Kelley (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. John Robbins Jr. (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Washington Townsend (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Alan Wood Jr. (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Hiester Clymer (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. A. Herr Smith (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. William Mutchler (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Francis D. Collins (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. Winthrop W. Ketcham (R), until July 19, 1876
 * William H. Stanton (D), from November 7, 1876
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. James B. Reilly (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. John B. Packer (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Joseph Powell (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Sobieski Ross (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. John Reilly (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. William Stenger (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Levi Maish (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district. Levi A. Mackey (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district. Jacob Turney (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 22nd congressional district. James H. Hopkins (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 23rd congressional district. Alexander G. Cochran (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district. John W. Wallace (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district. George A. Jenks (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district. James Sheakley (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 27th congressional district. Albert G. Egbert (D)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. Benjamin T. Eames (R)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. Latimer W. Ballou (R)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Joseph Rainey (R)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR), until July 19, 1876
 * Charles W. Buttz (R), from November 7, 1876
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Solomon L. Hoge (R)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. Alexander S. Wallace (R)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Robert Smalls (R)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. William McFarland (D)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. George G. Dibrell (D)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Samuel M. Fite (D), until October 23, 1875
 * Haywood Y. Riddle (D), from December 4, 1875
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. John M. Bright (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. John F. House (D)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. John D. C. Atkins (D)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. William P. Caldwell (D)
 * Tennessee's 10th congressional district. H. Casey Young (D)

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. John H. Reagan (D)
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. David B. Culberson (D)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. James W. Throckmorton (D)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. Roger Q. Mills (D)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. John Hancock (D)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Gustave Schleicher (D)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. Charles H. Joyce (R)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. Dudley C. Denison (IR)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district. George W. Hendee (R)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Beverly B. Douglas (D)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. John Goode Jr. (D)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Gilbert C. Walker (D)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. William H. H. Stowell (R)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. George Cabell (D)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. John R. Tucker (D)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. John T. Harris (D)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Eppa Hutton, II (D)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. William Terry (D)

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. Benjamin Wilson (D)
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Charles J. Faulkner Sr. (D)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Frank Hereford (D), until January 31, 1877

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Charles G. Williams (R)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. Henry S. Magoon (R)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. William P. Lynde (D)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. Samuel D. Burchard (D)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Alanson M. Kimball (R)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Jeremiah M. Rusk (R)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. George W. Cate (D)

Non-voting members

 * Arizona Territory's at-large congressional district. Hiram S. Stevens (D)
 * Colorado Territory's at-large congressional district. Thomas M. Patterson (D), until August 1, 1876
 * Dakota Territory's at-large congressional district. Jefferson P. Kidder (R)
 * Idaho Territory's at-large congressional district. Thomas W. Bennett (I), until June 23, 1876
 * Stephen S. Fenn (D), from June 23, 1876
 * Montana Territory's at-large congressional district. Martin Maginnis (D)
 * New Mexico Territory's at-large congressional district. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
 * Utah Territory's at-large congressional district. George Q. Cannon (R)
 * Washington Territory's at-large congressional district. Orange Jacobs (R)
 * Wyoming Territory's at-large congressional district. William R. Steele (D)



Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * Replacements: 4
 * Democratic: 1 seat net gain
 * Republican: 1 seat net loss
 * Deaths: 3
 * Resignations: 1
 * Vacancy: 1
 * Interim appointments: 3
 * Seats of newly admitted states: 2
 * Total seats with changes: 7


 * Louisiana (3)
 * Vacant
 * Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback. Successor elected January 12, 1876.
 * nowrap | James B. Eustis (D)
 * January 10, 1876
 * January 10, 1876


 * Tennessee (1)
 * nowrap | Andrew Johnson (D)
 * Died July 31, 1875. Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term.
 * nowrap | David M. Key (D)
 * August 18, 1875
 * August 18, 1875


 * Connecticut (3)
 * nowrap | Orris S. Ferry (R)
 * Died November 21, 1875. Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term.
 * nowrap | James E. English (D)
 * November 27, 1875
 * November 27, 1875


 * Connecticut (3)
 * nowrap | James E. English (D)
 * Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected. Successor elected May 17, 1876.
 * nowrap | William H. Barnum (D)
 * May 18, 1876
 * May 18, 1876


 * Maine (2)
 * nowrap | Lot M. Morrill (R)
 * Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term. Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877.
 * nowrap | James G. Blaine (R)
 * July 10, 1876
 * July 10, 1876


 * West Virginia (1)
 * nowrap | Allen T. Caperton (D)
 * Died July 26, 1876. Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term.
 * nowrap | Samuel Price (D)
 * August 26, 1876
 * August 26, 1876


 * Colorado (2)
 * New seat
 * Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. First senator elected November 15, 1876
 * nowrap | Henry M. Teller (R)
 * November 15, 1876
 * November 15, 1876


 * Colorado (3)
 * New seat
 * Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. First senator elected November 15, 1876
 * nowrap | Jerome B. Chaffee (R)
 * November 15, 1876
 * November 15, 1876


 * Tennessee (1)
 * nowrap | David M. Key (D)
 * Interim appointee lost special election. Successor elected January 19, 1877.
 * nowrap | James E. Bailey (D)
 * January 19, 1877
 * January 19, 1877


 * West Virginia (1)
 * nowrap | Samuel Price (D)
 * Interim appointee lost special election. Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877.
 * nowrap | Frank Hereford (D)
 * January 31, 1877
 * January 31, 1877


 * }

House of Representatives
[[File:44 us house membership.png|thumb|400px|
 * Replacements: 14
 * Democratic: no net change
 * Republican: no net change
 * Deaths: 9
 * Resignations: 6
 * Contested election: 5
 * Seats of newly admitted states: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 21


 * Georgia's 9th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat
 * nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D)
 * May 5, 1875
 * May 5, 1875


 * Maine's 4th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress
 * nowrap | Harris M. Plaisted (R)
 * September 13, 1875
 * September 13, 1875


 * New York's 33rd congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat
 * nowrap | Nelson I. Norton (R)
 * December 6, 1875
 * December 6, 1875


 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | James Buffington (R)
 * Died March 7, 1875
 * nowrap | William W. Crapo (R)
 * November 2, 1875
 * November 2, 1875


 * Oregon At-large
 * nowrap | George A. La Dow (D)
 * Died May 1, 1875
 * nowrap | Lafayette Lane (D)
 * October 25, 1875
 * October 25, 1875


 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap | Samuel M. Fite (D)
 * Died October 23, 1875
 * nowrap | Haywood Y. Riddle (D)
 * December 14, 1875
 * December 14, 1875


 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Henry H. Starkweather (R)
 * Died January 28, 1876
 * nowrap | John T. Wait (R)
 * April 12, 1876
 * April 12, 1876


 * Florida's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Josiah T. Walls (R)
 * Lost contested election April 19, 1876
 * nowrap | Jesse J. Finley (D)
 * April 19, 1876
 * April 19, 1876


 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Charles B. Farwell (R)
 * Lost contested election May 6, 1876
 * nowrap | John V. Le Moyne (D)
 * May 6, 1876
 * May 6, 1876


 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap | William H. Barnum (D)
 * Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate
 * nowrap | Levi Warner (D)
 * December 4, 1876
 * December 4, 1876


 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district
 * nowrap | Frank Morey (R)
 * Lost contested election June 8, 1876
 * nowrap | William B. Spencer (D)
 * June 8, 1876
 * June 8, 1876


 * Idaho Territory At-large
 * nowrap | Thomas W. Bennett (I)
 * Lost contested election June 23, 1876
 * nowrap | Stephen S. Fenn (D)
 * June 23, 1876
 * June 23, 1876


 * Maine's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | James G. Blaine (R)
 * Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate
 * nowrap | Edwin Flye (R)
 * December 4, 1876
 * December 4, 1876


 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district
 * nowrap | Edward Y. Parsons (D)
 * Died July 8, 1876
 * nowrap | Henry Watterson (D)
 * August 12, 1876
 * August 12, 1876


 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district
 * nowrap | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R)
 * Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
 * nowrap | William H. Stanton (D)
 * November 7, 1876
 * November 7, 1876


 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR)
 * style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876
 * nowrap | Charles W. Buttz (R)
 * November 7, 1876
 * November 7, 1876


 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap | Rufus S. Frost (R)
 * Lost contested election July 28, 1876
 * nowrap | Josiah G. Abbott (D)
 * July 28, 1876
 * July 28, 1876


 * Colorado Territory At-large
 * nowrap | Thomas M. Patterson (D)
 * Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876
 * colspan=2 | Statehood achieved
 * colspan=2 | Statehood achieved


 * Colorado At-large
 * New seat
 * Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876.
 * nowrap | James B. Belford (R)
 * October 3, 1876
 * October 3, 1876


 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Michael C. Kerr (D)
 * Died August 19, 1876
 * nowrap | Nathan T. Carr (D)
 * December 15, 1876
 * December 15, 1876


 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | James D. Williams (D)
 * Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana
 * nowrap | Andrew Humphreys (D)
 * December 5, 1876
 * December 5, 1876


 * New York's 7th congressional district
 * nowrap | Smith Ely Jr. (D)
 * Resigned December 11, 1876
 * nowrap | David D. Field II (D)
 * January 11, 1877
 * January 11, 1877


 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district
 * nowrap | William B. Spencer (D)
 * Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Not filled this term


 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Frank Hereford (D)
 * Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Not filled this term


 * Georgia's 9th congressional district
 * nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D)
 * Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Not filled this term


 * }

Senate

 * Agriculture (Chairman: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Stephen W. Dorsey)
 * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
 * Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: John J. Patterson)
 * Claims (Chairman: George G. Wright; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
 * Counting the Electoral Vote (Select)
 * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson)
 * Education and Labor (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
 * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
 * Enrolled Bills
 * Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: James M. Harvey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
 * Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John P. Jones)
 * Foreign Relations (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Powell Clayton)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Timothy O. Howe)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas J. Robertson; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
 * Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: James L. Alcorn; Ranking Member: Henry Cooper)
 * Mississippi Election Frauds, 1876 (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Simon B. Conover)
 * Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
 * Patents (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
 * Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Blanche Bruce)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Algernon S. Paddock)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: George F. Edmunds)
 * Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
 * Railroads (Chairman: Joseph R. West; Ranking Member: John H. Mitchell)
 * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
 * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Stevenson; Ranking Member: George G. Wright)
 * Rules (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
 * Tariff Regulation (Select)
 * Territories (Chairman: Phineas W. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
 * Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: George G. Hoskins)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: John H. Caldwell; Ranking Member: William B. Anderson)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: William A. Wheeler)
 * Banking and Currency (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox; Ranking Member: Scott Wike)
 * Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
 * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: Levi Maish)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Elijah Ward; Ranking Member: Henry Myer Phillips)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: George Willard)
 * Education and Labor (Chairman: Gilbert C. Walker; Ranking Member: William M. Springer)
 * Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: Earley F. Poppleton)
 * Enrolled Bills
 * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Mutchler; Ranking Member: Laurin D. Woodworth)
 * Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Bernard G. Caulfield; Ranking Member: Edwin R. Meade)
 * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: John H. Burleigh)
 * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: William H.H. Stowell)
 * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: John W. Wallace)
 * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John S. Savage)
 * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Robbins; Ranking Member: Lyman K. Bass)
 * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry B. Metcalfe; Ranking Member: Samuel N. Bell)
 * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: William H. Forney)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
 * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George A. Jenks; Ranking Member: Jesse J. Yeates)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: Bernard G. Caulfield)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: Samuel D. Burchard)
 * Mileage (Chairman: Albert G. Egbert; Ranking Member: Nathaniel H. Odell)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Augustus A. Hardenbergh)
 * Militia (Chairman: Jacob P. Cowan; Ranking Member: John K. Tarbox)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
 * Mississippi Levees (Chairman: E. John Ellis; Ranking Member: James Sheakley)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: John Robbins)
 * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
 * Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Clark Jr.; Ranking Member: William F. Slemons)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Lucien L. Ainsworth)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: Casey Young)
 * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Charles W. Milliken; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Milton Sayler; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
 * Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas L. Jones; Ranking Member: Levi A. Mackey)
 * Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: John O. Whitehouse; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
 * Revision of Laws (Chairman: Milton J. Durham; Ranking Member: Milton J. Durham)
 * Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Eppa Hunton; Ranking Member: John G. Schumaker)
 * Rules (Select) (Chairman: Michael C. Kerr; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Territories (Chairman: Milton I. Southard; Ranking Member: Peter D. Wigginton)
 * War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: John H. Caldwell)
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Henry R. Harris; Vice Chairman: Rep. Harris M. Plaisted)
 * Frame a Form of Government for the District of Columbia
 * Investigate Chinese Immigration
 * The Library (Chairman: Rep. Hiester Clymer; Vice Chairman: Rep. James Monroe)
 * Printing (Chairman: Rep. John L. Vance; Vice Chairmam: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)

Caucuses

 * Democratic (House)
 * Democratic (Senate)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
 * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
 * Public Printer of the United States: Almon M. Clapp, from 1876

Senate

 * Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
 * Librarian: George F. Dawson
 * Secretary: George C. Gorham
 * Sergeant at Arms: John R. French

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: John George Butler (Lutheran), until December 6, 1875
 * I. L. Townsend (Episcopalian), from December 6, 1875
 * Clerk: Edward McPherson, until December 6, 1875
 * George M. Adams, elected December 6, 1875
 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
 * Doorkeeper: Lafayette H. Fitzhugh
 * Postmaster: James M. Steuart
 * Reading Clerks: Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)
 * Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway, until December 6, 1875
 * John G. Thompson, elected December 6, 1875