45th United States Congress

The 45th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879, during the first two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

The 45th Congress remained politically divided between a Democratic House and Republican Senate. President Hayes vetoed an Army appropriations bill from the House which would have ended Reconstruction and prohibited the use of federal troops to protect polling stations in the former Confederacy. Striking back, Congress overrode another of Hayes’s vetoes and enacted the Bland-Allison Act that required the purchase and coining of silver. Congress also approved a generous increase in pension eligibility for Northern Civil War veterans.

Major events
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 * March 4, 1877: Rutherford B. Hayes became President of the United States

Major legislation

 * February 28, 1878: Bland–Allison Act (Coinage Act (Silver Dollar)), Sess. 2, ch. 20,
 * April 29, 1878: National Quarantine Act of 1878, Sess. 2, ch. 66,
 * June 3, 1878: Timber and Stone Act, Sess. 2, ch. 151,
 * June 18, 1878: Posse Comitatus Act, Sess. 2, ch. 263, §15,

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

 * President: William A. Wheeler (R)
 * President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R)
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William A. Wallace

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Samuel J. Randall (D)
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: Hiester Clymer
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Eugene Hale
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

 * 2. John T. Morgan (D)
 * 3. George E. Spencer (R)

Arkansas

 * 2. Augustus H. Garland (D)
 * 3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

California

 * 1. Newton Booth (AM)
 * 3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

Colorado

 * 2. Henry M. Teller (R)
 * 3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R)

Connecticut

 * 1. William W. Eaton (D)
 * 3. William H. Barnum (D)

Delaware

 * 1. Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (D)
 * 2. Eli Saulsbury (D)

Florida

 * 1. Charles W. Jones (D)
 * 3. Simon B. Conover (R)

Georgia

 * 2. Benjamin H. Hill (D)
 * 3. John B. Gordon (D)

Illinois

 * 2. David Davis (I)
 * 3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

Indiana

 * 1. Joseph E. McDonald (D)
 * 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R), until November 1, 1877
 * Daniel W. Voorhees (D), from November 6, 1877

Iowa

 * 2. Samuel J. Kirkwood (R)
 * 3. William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

 * 2. Preston B. Plumb (R)
 * 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. James B. Beck (D)
 * 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

Louisiana

 * 2. William Pitt Kellogg (R)
 * 3. James B. Eustis (D)

Maine

 * 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R)
 * 2. James G. Blaine (R)

Maryland

 * 1. William Pinkney Whyte (D)
 * 3. George R. Dennis (D)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)
 * 2. George F. Hoar (R)

Michigan

 * 1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R), until February 10, 1879
 * Zachariah Chandler (R), from February 22, 1879
 * 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

Minnesota

 * 1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R)
 * 2. William Windom (R)

Mississippi

 * 1. Blanche Bruce (R)
 * 2. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D)

Missouri

 * 1. Francis Cockrell (D)
 * 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D), until September 20, 1877
 * David H. Armstrong (D), September 29, 1877 - January 26, 1879
 * James Shields (D), from January 27, 1879

Nebraska

 * 1. Algernon Paddock (R)
 * 2. Alvin Saunders (R)

Nevada

 * 1. William Sharon (R)
 * 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Edward H. Rollins (R)
 * 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Theodore F. Randolph (D)
 * 2. John R. McPherson (D)

New York

 * 1. Francis Kernan (D)
 * 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

North Carolina

 * 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
 * 3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

Ohio

 * 1. Allen G. Thurman (D)
 * 3. John Sherman (R), until March 8, 1877
 * Stanley Matthews (R), from March 21, 1877

Oregon

 * 2. La Fayette Grover (D)
 * 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. William A. Wallace (D)
 * 3. Simon Cameron (R), until March 12, 1877
 * J. Donald Cameron (R), from March 20, 1877

Rhode Island

 * 1. Ambrose Burnside (R)
 * 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

 * 2. Matthew C. Butler (D)
 * 3. John J. Patterson (R)

Tennessee

 * 1. James E. Bailey (D)
 * 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

Texas

 * 1. Samuel B. Maxey (D)
 * 2. Richard Coke (D)

Vermont

 * 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
 * 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

 * 1. Robert E. Withers (D)
 * 2. John W. Johnston (D)

West Virginia

 * 1. Frank Hereford (D)
 * 2. Henry G. Davis (D)

Wisconsin

 * 1. Angus Cameron (R)
 * 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)





House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. James T. Jones (D)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. Hilary A. Herbert (D)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Jeremiah N. Williams (D)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Charles M. Shelley (D)
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. Robert F. Ligon (D)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D)
 * Alabama's 7th congressional district. William H. Forney (D)
 * Alabama's 8th congressional district. William W. Garth (D)

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. Lucien C. Gause (D)
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. William F. Slemons (D)
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. Jordan E. Cravens (ID)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Thomas M. Gunter (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. Horace Davis (R)
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Horace F. Page (R)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. John K. Luttrell (D)
 * California's 4th congressional district. Romualdo Pacheco (R), until February 7, 1878
 * Peter D. Wigginton (D), from February 7, 1878

Colorado

 * At-large. James B. Belford (R), until December 13, 1877
 * Thomas M. Patterson (D), from December 13, 1877

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. George M. Landers (D)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. James Phelps (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. John T. Wait (R)
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. Levi Warner (D)

Delaware

 * At-large. James Williams (D)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. Robert H. M. Davidson (D)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R), until February 20, 1879
 * Jesse J. Finley (D), from February 20, 1879

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Julian Hartridge (D), until January 8, 1879
 * William B. Fleming (D), from February 10, 1879
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. William E. Smith (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Philip Cook (D)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Henry R. Harris (D)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. Milton A. Candler (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. James H. Blount (D)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. William H. Felton (ID)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. Alexander H. Stephens (D)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Hiram P. Bell (D), from March 13, 1877

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. William Aldrich (R)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Carter H. Harrison (D)
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. Lorenzo Brentano (R)
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. William Lathrop (R)
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Horatio C. Burchard (R)
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Philip C. Hayes (R)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Greenbury L. Fort (R)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Thomas A. Boyd (R)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. Benjamin F. Marsh (R)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. Robert M. Knapp (D)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. William M. Springer (D)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. Thomas F. Tipton (R)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. John R. Eden (D)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. William A. J. Sparks (D)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. William R. Morrison (D)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. William Hartzell (D)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. Richard W. Townshend (D)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Benoni S. Fuller (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. Thomas R. Cobb (D)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. George A. Bicknell (D)
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. Leonidas Sexton (R)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. Thomas M. Browne (R)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Milton S. Robinson (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. John Hanna (R)
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Morton C. Hunter (R)
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Michael D. White (R)
 * Indiana's 10th congressional district. William H. Calkins (R)
 * Indiana's 11th congressional district. James L. Evans (R)
 * Indiana's 12th congressional district. Andrew H. Hamilton (D)
 * Indiana's 13th congressional district. John Baker (R)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. Joseph C. Stone (R)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. Hiram Price (R)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. Theodore W. Burdick (R)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Nathaniel C. Deering (R)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. Rush Clark (R)
 * Iowa's 6th congressional district. Ezekiel S. Sampson (R)
 * Iowa's 7th congressional district. Henry J. B. Cummings (R)
 * Iowa's 8th congressional district. William F. Sapp (R)
 * Iowa's 9th congressional district. S. Addison Oliver (R)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. William A. Phillips (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. Dudley C. Haskell (R)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. Thomas Ryan (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Andrew Boone (D)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. James A. McKenzie (D)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. John William Caldwell (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. J. Proctor Knott (D)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Albert S. Willis (D)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. John G. Carlisle (D)
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)
 * Kentucky's 8th congressional district. Milton J. Durham (D)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district. Thomas Turner (D)
 * Kentucky's 10th congressional district. John B. Clarke (D)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Randall L. Gibson (D)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. E. John Ellis (D)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Chester B. Darrall (R), until February 20, 1878
 * Joseph H. Acklen (D), from February 20, 1878
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. Joseph B. Elam (D)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. John E. Leonard (R), until March 15, 1878
 * John S. Young (D), from November 5, 1878
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Edward W. Robertson (D)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. Thomas B. Reed (R)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. William P. Frye (R)
 * Maine's 3rd congressional district. Stephen D. Lindsey (R)
 * Maine's 4th congressional district. Llewellyn Powers (R)
 * Maine's 5th congressional district. Eugene Hale (R)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Daniel M. Henry (D)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Charles B. Roberts (D)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. William Kimmel (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Thomas Swann (D)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Eli J. Henkle (D)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. William Walsh (D)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. William W. Crapo (R)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Benjamin W. Harris (R)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Walbridge A. Field (R), until March 28, 1878
 * Benjamin Dean (D), from March 28, 1878
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Leopold Morse (D)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. George B. Loring (R)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Benjamin F. Butler (R)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. William Claflin (R)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. William W. Rice (R)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Amasa Norcross (R)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. George D. Robinson (R)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. Alpheus S. Williams (D), until December 21, 1878
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Edwin Willits (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. Jonas H. McGowan (R)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Edwin W. Keightley (R)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. John W. Stone (R)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. Mark S. Brewer (R)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Omar D. Conger (R)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. Charles C. Ellsworth (R)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Jay A. Hubbell (R)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. Horace B. Strait (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. Jacob H. Stewart (R)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. Henry L. Muldrow (D)
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. Vannoy H. Manning (D)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Hernando Money (D)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Otho R. Singleton (D)
 * Mississippi's 5th congressional district. Charles E. Hooker (D)
 * Mississippi's 6th congressional district. James R. Chalmers (D)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. Anthony F. Ittner (R)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Nathan Cole (R)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. Lyne S. Metcalfe (R)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Robert A. Hatcher (D)
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. Richard P. Bland (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. Charles H. Morgan (D)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. Thomas T. Crittenden (D)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Benjamin J. Franklin (D)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. David Rea (D)
 * Missouri's 10th congressional district. Henry M. Pollard (R)
 * Missouri's 11th congressional district. John B. Clark Jr. (D)
 * Missouri's 12th congressional district. John M. Glover (D)
 * Missouri's 13th congressional district. Aylett H. Buckner (D)

Nebraska

 * At-large. Frank Welch (R), until September 4, 1878
 * Thomas J. Majors (R), from November 5, 1878

Nevada

 * At-large. Thomas Wren (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Frank Jones (D)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. James F. Briggs (R)
 * New Hampshire's 3rd congressional district. Henry W. Blair (R)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. Clement H. Sinnickson (R)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. John H. Pugh (R)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. Miles Ross (D)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Alvah A. Clark (D)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Augustus W. Cutler (D)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Thomas B. Peddie (R)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. James W. Covert (D)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. William D. Veeder (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Simeon B. Chittenden (R)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Archibald M. Bliss (D)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Nicholas Muller (D)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Samuel S. Cox (D)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Anthony Eickhoff (D)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Anson G. McCook (R)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Fernando Wood (D)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Abram S. Hewitt (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Benjamin A. Willis (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Clarkson N. Potter (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. John H. Ketcham (R)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. George M. Beebe (D)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Stephen L. Mayham (D)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Terence J. Quinn (D), until June 18, 1878
 * John M. Bailey (R), from November 5, 1878
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Martin I. Townsend (R)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Andrew Williams (R)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. Amaziah B. James (R)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. John H. Starin (R)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Solomon Bundy (R)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. George A. Bagley (R)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. William J. Bacon (R)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. William H. Baker (R)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. Frank Hiscock (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. John H. Camp (R)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Elbridge G. Lapham (R)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Jeremiah W. Dwight (R)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. John N. Hungerford (R)
 * New York's 30th congressional district. E. Kirke Hart (D)
 * New York's 31st congressional district. Charles B. Benedict (D)
 * New York's 32nd congressional district. Daniel N. Lockwood (D)
 * New York's 33rd congressional district. George W. Patterson (R)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Jesse J. Yeates (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Curtis H. Brogden (R)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Alfred M. Waddell (D)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Joseph J. Davis (D)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Alfred M. Scales (D)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Walter L. Steele (D)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. William M. Robbins (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Robert B. Vance (D)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Milton Sayler (D)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. Henry B. Banning (D)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Mills Gardner (R)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. John A. McMahon (D)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Americus V. Rice (D)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Jacob D. Cox (R)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Henry L. Dickey (D)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. J. Warren Keifer (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. John S. Jones (R)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. Charles Foster (R)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. Henry S. Neal (R)
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. Thomas Ewing Jr. (D)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Milton I. Southard (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Ebenezer B. Finley (D)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. Lorenzo Danford (R)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. William McKinley (R)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. James Monroe (R)
 * Ohio's 19th congressional district. James A. Garfield (R)
 * Ohio's 20th congressional district. Amos Townsend (R)

Oregon

 * At-large. Richard Williams (R)

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Chapman Freeman (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Charles O'Neill (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Samuel J. Randall (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. William D. Kelley (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Alfred C. Harmer (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. William Ward (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. I. Newton Evans (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Hiester Clymer (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. A. Herr Smith (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Samuel A. Bridges (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Francis D. Collins (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. Hendrick B. Wright (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. James B. Reilly (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. John W. Killinger (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Edward Overton Jr. (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. John I. Mitchell (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. Jacob M. Campbell (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. William Stenger (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Levi Maish (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district. Levi A. Mackey (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district. Jacob Turney (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 22nd congressional district. Russell Errett (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 23rd congressional district. Thomas M. Bayne (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district. William S. Shallenberger (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district. Harry White (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district. John M. Thompson (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 27th congressional district. Lewis F. Watson (R)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. Benjamin T. Eames (R)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. Latimer W. Ballou (R)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Joseph Rainey (R)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Richard H. Cain (R)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. D. Wyatt Aiken (D)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. John H. Evins (D)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Robert Smalls (R)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. James H. Randolph (R)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Jacob M. Thornburgh (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. George G. Dibrell (D)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Haywood Y. Riddle (D)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. John M. Bright (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. John F. House (D)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. John D. C. Atkins (D)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. William P. Caldwell (D)
 * Tennessee's 10th congressional district. H. Casey Young (D)

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. John H. Reagan (D)
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. David B. Culberson (D)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. James W. Throckmorton (D)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. Roger Q. Mills (D)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. Dewitt C. Giddings (D)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Gustave Schleicher (D), until January 10, 1879

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. Charles H. Joyce (R)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. Dudley C. Denison (R)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district. George W. Hendee (R)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Beverly B. Douglas (D), until December 22, 1878
 * Richard Lee T. Beale (D), from January 23, 1879
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. John Goode Jr. (D)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Gilbert C. Walker (D)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Joseph Jorgensen (R)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. George Cabell (D)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. John R. Tucker (D)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. John T. Harris (D)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Eppa Hutton, II (D)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Auburn Pridemore (D)

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. Benjamin Wilson (D)
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Benjamin F. Martin (D)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. John E. Kenna (D)

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Charles G. Williams (R)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. George C. Hazelton (R)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. William P. Lynde (D)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. Edward S. Bragg (D)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Gabriel Bouck (D)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Herman L. Humphrey (R)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. Thaddeus C. Pound (R)

Non-voting members

 * Arizona Territory's at-large congressional district. Hiram S. Stevens (D)
 * Dakota Territory's at-large congressional district. Jefferson P. Kidder (R)
 * Idaho Territory's at-large congressional district. Stephen S. Fenn (D)
 * Montana Territory's at-large congressional district. Martin Maginnis (D)
 * New Mexico Territory's at-large congressional district. Trinidad Romero (R)
 * Utah Territory's at-large congressional district. George Q. Cannon (R)
 * Washington Territory's at-large congressional district. Orange Jacobs (R)
 * Wyoming Territory's at-large congressional district. William W. Corlett (R)



Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * Replacements: 5
 * Democratic: 1 seat net gain
 * Republican: 1 seat net loss
 * Deaths: 2
 * Resignations: 3
 * Interim appointments: 1
 * Contested elections: 0
 * Total seats with changes: 5


 * Ohio (3)
 * nowrap | John Sherman (R)
 * Resigned March 8, 1877 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Successor elected March 21, 1877.
 * nowrap | Stanley Matthews (R)
 * March 21, 1877
 * March 21, 1877


 * Pennsylvania (3)
 * nowrap | Simon Cameron (R)
 * Resigned March 12, 1877. Successor elected March 20, 1877.
 * nowrap | J. Donald Cameron (R)
 * March 20, 1877
 * March 20, 1877


 * Missouri (3)
 * nowrap | Lewis V. Bogy (D)
 * Died September 20, 1877. Successor was appointed September 29, 1877, to continue the term.
 * nowrap | David H. Armstrong (D)
 * September 29, 1877
 * September 29, 1877


 * Indiana (3)
 * nowrap | Oliver P. Morton (R)
 * Died November 1, 1877. Successor elected January 31, 1879.
 * nowrap | Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
 * November 6, 1877
 * November 6, 1877


 * Missouri (3)
 * nowrap | David H. Armstrong (D)
 * Interim appointee retired. Successor elected January 26, 1879.
 * nowrap | James Shields (D)
 * January 27, 1879
 * January 27, 1879


 * Michigan (1)
 * nowrap | Isaac P. Christiancy (R)
 * Resigned February 10, 1879 due to ill health. Successor elected February 22, 1879.
 * nowrap | Zachariah Chandler (R)
 * February 22, 1879
 * February 22, 1879


 * }

House of Representatives

 * Replacements: 10
 * Democratic: 5 seat net gain
 * Republican: 5 seat net loss
 * Deaths: 7
 * Resignations: 1
 * Contested election: 5
 * Total seats with changes: 13


 * Georgia's 9th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Rep. Benjamin Harvey Hill resigned in previous congress
 * nowrap | Hiram P. Bell (D)
 * March 13, 1877
 * Colorado's at-large congressional district
 * nowrap | James B. Belford (R)
 * Lost contested election December 13, 1877
 * nowrap | Thomas M. Patterson (D)
 * December 13, 1877
 * California's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap | Romualdo Pacheco (R)
 * Lost contested election February 7, 1878
 * nowrap | Peter D. Wigginton (D)
 * February 7, 1878
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Chester B. Darrall (R)
 * Lost contested election February 20, 1878
 * nowrap | Joseph H. Acklen (D)
 * February 20, 1878
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district
 * nowrap | John E. Leonard (R)
 * Died March 15, 1878
 * nowrap | J. Smith Young (D)
 * November 5, 1878
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap | Walbridge A. Field (R)
 * Lost contested election March 28, 1878
 * nowrap | Benjamin Dean (D)
 * March 28, 1878
 * New York's 16th congressional district
 * nowrap | Terence J. Quinn (D)
 * Died June 18, 1878
 * nowrap | John M. Bailey (R)
 * November 5, 1878
 * Nebraska's at-large congressional district
 * nowrap | Frank Welch (R)
 * style="font-size:80%" |Died September 4, 1878
 * nowrap | Thomas J. Majors (R)
 * November 5, 1878
 * Michigan's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | Alpheus S. Williams (D)
 * Died December 21, 1878
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Virginia's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | Beverly B. Douglas (D)
 * Died December 22, 1878
 * nowrap | Richard L. T. Beale (D)
 * January 23, 1879
 * Georgia's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | Julian Hartridge (D)
 * Died January 8, 1879
 * nowrap | William B. Fleming (D)
 * February 10, 1879
 * Texas's 6th congressional district
 * nowrap | Gustav Schleicher (D)
 * Died January 10, 1879
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R)
 * Lost contested election February 20, 1879
 * nowrap | Jesse J. Finley (D)
 * February 20, 1879
 * }
 * Texas's 6th congressional district
 * nowrap | Gustav Schleicher (D)
 * Died January 10, 1879
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R)
 * Lost contested election February 20, 1879
 * nowrap | Jesse J. Finley (D)
 * February 20, 1879
 * }
 * February 20, 1879
 * }

Senate

 * Agriculture (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
 * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
 * Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
 * Claims (Chairman: Samuel J. R. McMillan; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: John B. Gordon)
 * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Stephen W. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
 * Education and Labor (Chairman: Ambrose E. Burnside; Ranking Member: John B. Gordon)
 * Elections of 1878 (Select)
 * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
 * Epidemic Diseases (Select)
 * Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: Jerome B. Chaffee; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
 * Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Bayard)
 * Foreign Relations (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
 * Hot Springs (Arkansas) Commission (Special)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Thomas C. McCreery)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: David Davis)
 * Late Presidential Election Louisiana
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Edward H. Rollins; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
 * Mexican Relations (Select)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Theodore F. Randolph)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Sharon; Ranking Member: Frank Hereford)
 * Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: Blanche Bruce; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William P. Whyte)
 * Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
 * Patents (Chairman: Newton Booth; Ranking Member: Francis Kernan)
 * Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Robert E. Withers)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
 * Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John J. Ingalls)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
 * Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Stanley Matthews)
 * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: Isaac P. Christiancy; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
 * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Johnston; Ranking Member: Henry L. Dawes)
 * Rules (Chairman: James G. Blaine; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
 * Tariff Regulation (Select)
 * Tenth Census (Select) (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: N/A)
 * Territories (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: Augustus H. Garland)
 * Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select) (Chairman: Angus Cameron; Ranking Member: N/A)
 * Treasury Department Account Discrepancies (Select) (Chairman: Henry G. Davis; Ranking Member: John J. Ingalls)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: Henry W. Blair)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: Augustus W. Cutler; Ranking Member: Walter L. Steele)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: John DeWitt Clinton Atkins; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
 * Banking and Currency (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: Elizur K. Hart)
 * Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: Daniel N. Lockwood)
 * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: John B. Clarke)
 * Commerce (Chairman: John H. Reagan; Ranking Member: John E. Kenna)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Alpheus S. Williams then Joseph C.S. Blackburn; Ranking Member: Gabriel Bouck)
 * Education and Labor (Chairman: John Goode; Ranking Member: Van H. Manning)
 * Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: E. John Ellis)
 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Andrew H. Hamilton; Ranking Member: Nelson H. Van Vorhes)
 * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William A.J. Sparks; Ranking Member: Edwin Willits)
 * Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Edward S. Bragg; Ranking Member: Nicholas Muller)
 * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Benjamin A. Willis; Ranking Member: Jay A. Hubbell)
 * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Jeremiah N. Williams; Ranking Member: Curtis H. Brogden)
 * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: Thomas M. Bayne)
 * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Glover; Ranking Member: Henry L. Dickey)
 * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Joseph C. S. Blackburn; Ranking Member: Benjamin T. Eames)
 * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: William P. Lynde; Ranking Member: William S. Stenger)
 * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: Benjamin Wilson)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: George M. Beebe)
 * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Americus V. Rice; Ranking Member: Clement H. Sinnickson)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: David B. Culberson)
 * Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Hendrick B. Wright; Ranking Member: Robert F. Ligon)
 * Mileage (Chairman: Thomas R. Cobb; Ranking Member: Lorenzo Danford)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Edward S. Bragg)
 * Militia (Chairman: Miles Ross; Ranking Member: Thomas Turner)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: James T. Jones)
 * Mississippi Levees (Chairman: Edward W. Robertson; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Martin)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: Benjamin W. Harris)
 * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: James W. Throckmorton; Ranking Member: Charles O'Neill)
 * Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alfred M. Waddell; Ranking Member: Terence J. Quinn then Joseph G. Cannon)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Dudley C. Denison)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Philip Cook; Ranking Member: James A. McKenzie)
 * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Robert A. Hatcher; Ranking Member: Robert H.M. Davidson)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
 * Railways and Canals (Chairman: George C. Cabell; Ranking Member: Alvah A. Clark)
 * Revision of Laws (Chairman: William Walsh; Ranking Member: Walbridge A. Field)
 * Rules (Select) (Chairman: Samuel J. Randall; Ranking Member: James A. Garfield)
 * Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Levi A. Mackey; Ranking Member: William Kimmel)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Territories (Chairman: Benjamin J. Franklin; Ranking Member: George A. Bagley)
 * War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: S. Addison Oliver)
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: Fernando Wood; Ranking Member: William D. Kelley)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Andrew H. Hamilton; Vice Chairman: Rep. Nelson H. Van Vorhes)
 * The Library (Chairman: Rep. Samuel S. Cox; Vice Chairman: Rep. Eugene Hale)
 * Printing (Chairman: Rep. Otho R. Singleton; Vice Chairman: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)
 * Reorganization of the Army
 * Transfer of the Indian Bureau

Caucuses

 * Democratic (House)
 * Democratic (Senate)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
 * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
 * Public Printer of the United States: John D. Defrees

Senate

 * Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
 * Librarian: George F. Dawson
 * Secretary: George C. Gorham
 * Sergeant at Arms: John R. French

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: I.L. Townsend (Episcopalian), until October 15, 1877
 * John Poise (Methodist), until December 3, 1877
 * W. P. Harrison (Methodist), elected December 3, 1877
 * Clerk: George M. Adams
 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
 * J. Randolph Tucker Jr.
 * Doorkeeper: John W. Polk, elected October 17, 1877
 * Charles W. Field, elected April 8, 1878
 * Postmaster: James M. Steuart
 * Reading Clerks: Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)
 * Sergeant at Arms: John G. Thompson